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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the bacterial colonies involved in the recurrent deterioration of symptoms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. METHODOLOGY: This is an observational cross-sectional study. This study was carried out at the outpatient department (OPD) and from inpatients who were admitted as an inpatient in Medical & Pulmonology wards due to severity of illness in Lyari General Hospital from March to September in 2018. Ethical approval was taken from SMBB Medical College Karachi. 120 diagnosed COPD patients with regular follow-up in OPD with written consent, and aged between 40 to 65 years from both sexes were included by non-probability consecutive sampling technique, and Subjects with age less than 40 years, Known case of allergy, asthma, on prophylactic antibiotic therapy were excluded. All information was collected on the preformed proforma. Sputum samples were collected to Dow laboratory for culture and DNA extraction. All samples were analyzed microscopically and via Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 22.0. RESULTS: 60 stable state samples and 60 aggravated condition samples were collected from subjects on treatment for COPD. Stable state samples were negative for Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Streptococcus, and Haemophilus DNA, however, samples showed the presence of Moraxella (n=15), Nocardia (n=3), Lactobacilli (n=5), and Legionella (n=1) DNA. In aggravated state samples Haemophilus influenza (n =11), staphylococcus aureus (n=8), staphylococcus pneumonia (n=9), E.coli (n=8), lactobacillus (n=7), Bifidobacteria (n=7), Nocardia (n=10). CONCLUSION: There is a highly unique relationship between atypical bacteria and recurrence of the severity of symptomatology in COPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the High-Risk Factors Causing Mortality in Pediatric Burn Patients, Admitted In Burns Centre of Karachi. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study performed in the Pediatric Burns unit at Ruth Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi, retrospectively from January 2019 till August 2019 by convenient non-probability sampling technique. ERB was taken from SMBBMCL & SGLGH Karachi, with approval from Burn Center Karachi. Clinical records of 227 pediatric patients after getting written informed consent were analyzed. Statistical analyses were carried out by using version 20.00. Results: Mean age 4.8 ± 3.3 years, total body surface area (11-50%) were involved mostly 202 (89%) in our population in burn injuries. The reason for burn injury due to scald (61.23%) and Flame/Fire (33.92%) was mostly affected with the multiple region burns (involving more than three regions) were the most common category constituting 156 (68.7%) of the pediatric burn patients, so considered as a major cause of mortality was due to multiple burns with > 50% involvement of total body surface area (TBSA). The nutritional status of the patients was also a major predictor of the pediatric patient’s mortality rate. It was related to the IV access to the pediatric patient. Conclusion: It was observed in this retrospective study that scald or hot liquids were mostly affected with the multiple region burns and considered the most common category constituting the pediatric burn patients, so considered as a major cause of mortality with > 50% involvement of TBSA of burns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]