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Objective: To see the type and frequency of lymphomas. Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Oncology at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi from Jan 2019 to Dec 2019. Methodology: Total of 150 patients with histopathological diagnoses of lymphoma of 17 to 71 years of age of either gender were included in the study using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Prior to initiation of study ethics review committee has approved the study (NO.F.2-81-IRB/2019-GENL/10261/JPMC). The data regarding lymphoma type, histology, stage of disease, site, involvement of bone marrow, presence of B-symptoms were recorded. Results: Majority of the patients were male i.e., (n=104, 69.3%) with the mean age of 45.29±17.76 years. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma presented as the most common type of lymphoma i.e., (n=107, 71.3%) whereas Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) contributed for (n=43, 28.7%) cases. Assessment of clinicopathological features of lymphomas revealed that (n=58, 38.7%) cases had bone marrow involvement. B-symptoms appeared in (n=102, 68%) cases, (n=61, 40.7%) cases were stage IV and the most common site were Neck lymph nodes (n=82, 58.3%), followed by abdomen (n=20, 13.3%). There was statistically significant difference between type of lymphoma with respect to age (p=0.001) and gender(p=0.015) Conclusion: Among lymphomas the most common type of lymphoma was Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, most common in patients >45 years of age showing relationship of its occurence with age and DLBCL is major subtype and among Hodgkin's lymphoma Classical type is the predominant type Epidemiologic characteristics and distribution of the disease varies with geographical region, racial & environmental factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To see the association between dietary habits in the development of oesophageal carcinoma. Study Design: Case control study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Oncology at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi Pakistan, from Feb 2019 to Dec 2019. Methodology: Patients from age 15-80 years of either gender were included in the study. All the patients presenting to hospital OPD with histopathologically confirmed of oesophagus carcinoma were included. Controls were the healthy attendants coming at the same hospital. The data was collected through pre-designed questionnaire. Results: Total of 173 cases and 173 controls were included in the study. The mean age of the cases and controls were reported as 48.07±14.13 years and 48.86±15.32 years. After adjusting odds in multivariate analysis family history of cancer (OR=3.76; 95% CI: 1.76-7.90, p<0.05), the consumption of chicken (OR=5.22; 95% CI: 3.01-9.056, p<0.05), red meat (OR=5.06; 95% CI: 2.70-9.46, p<0.05) & smoked food (OR=3.36; 95% CI: 1.76-6.44, p<0.05) more than three times per week remained positively associated with oesophagus carcinoma. Conclusion: The study showed association between consumption of chicken, red meat, hot drinks & smoked food with oesophageal carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The purpose of our study is to share experience of performing simple laparoscopic nephrectomy in benign cases. Methods: It was a descriptive study conducted at Department of Urology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC) Karachi, between Jan 2015 to June 2021 with minimal six months follow-up. Our inclusion criteria were benign symptomatic non-functioning kidneys requiring nephrectomy. Laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed under general anesthesia with oblique position with three or four port technique was used. The demographic data, operative and post- operative details were carefully noticed and recorded in SPSS software version 20. Results: Total 40 patients were included in the study. Twenty-four were females and 16 were males. Age ranges from 20 to 62 years with mean age of 44.64 + 11.04 years. Left sided were 24 patients (60%) while the right sided in 16 (40%). Flank pain was the most common presenting complaint seen in 92.50% patients. Renal stone disease representing the most common indication for nephrectomy (40%) followed by ureteric stone (22.5%), chronic pyelonephritis (17.5%) and PUJO (15%). Our mean operative time was 200.29 + 47.98. Six patients (15%) were converted to open surgery because of intraoperative complications in 10% of patients including hilar vascular injury and gut injury and failure to progression in two (5%). Among the post- operative complications, early included low grade fever (10%) and wound infection (7.5%) while late included port site hernia (5%) and abscess at renal bed (2.5%). Chronic pyelonephritis was the most common histopathological report representing 45% of total cases. Our success rate was 85%. Conclusion: The role of laparoscopic nephrectomy in benign non-functioning kidneys is a better alternate to open nephrectomy in terms of pain, post-operative recovery and cosmetic results. The operative time and conversion rate can minimize after passing through adequate learning time and experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To present our experience of managing impalpable undescended testes in post-pubertal patients with intention of testicular preservation using laparoscopic assisted orchidopexy. Methods: It was a descriptive study conducted at Department of Urology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC) Karachi, between Jan 2015 to Dec 2020 with minimal 6 months follow-up. We included all patients with clinically impalpable testes with aged 12 and above. All patients had ultrasound abdomen performed as initial screening test followed by laparoscopic assessment and definite procedure. Patients with normal or hypo-plastic testes were underwent single staged orchidopexy while patients with testicular atrophy were planned for orchiectomy. Results: Total 36 patients with 41 impalpable testes underwent laparoscopic localization and management. Mean age of patients was 20.75 + 5.98 years. 50% of testes were on the right side, 36.1% on left sided while 3.88% were bilateral. 5 (12.1%) patients had clinical inguinal hernia. Diagnostic yield of ultrasound was (75.6%) and 100% in laparoscopy. 33 testes were true intra-abdominal while 4 were inguinal and 4 were vanishing testes Normal looking testes were observed in 24 testes (64.86%) followed by hypoplastic in 11 (29.72%) while 2 testes (5.40%) were atrophic. Two intra-operative complications included urinary bladder injuryand vas deferens injury in one patient each. Postoperatively testicular ischemic necrosis in one (2.4%) and wound infection in 2 (4.8%) patients were noted. Late follow up revealed one port site hernia (2.4%) and one testicular atrophy (2.4%). Success rate of orchidopexy in our study was 94.6%. Conclusions: Laparoscopic has been proved as excellent diagnostic and therapeutic tool for the management of intra- abdominal undescended testes inadult patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to investigate biosurfactant-producing culturable bacteria inhabiting the coast of the Arabian Sea at Karachi. Overall, 15 seawater samples were collected from the Arabian Sea coast of Karachi. Isolation, characterization, and screening for 89 biosurfactant-producing bacterial strains were conducted through 8 conventional screening tests. Through GSP agar plate method 22 strains were found to be Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram reaction revealed 70% of the isolates to be gram-negative. Furthermore, 24% of the isolates showed hemolytic activity, 44% exhibited positive results for oil-spreading test, 54% showed emulsification to at least 1 of the 3 hydrocarbons tested, BATH assay results indicated maximum adhesion for hexane, 52.8% produced positive results for CTAB agar plate assay, drop-collapse activity was found in 84% of the isolates, and emulsification assay revealed highest emulsification for xylene. Findings revealed none of the isolates to be negative for every screening test conducted, while only one gram-negative isolate, DGHE65, identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was positive for all the tests for biosurfactant production. Results indicate that these isolates have potential for future environmental friendly applications such as bioremediation and industrial biotechnology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]