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Blue-green algae, also known as cyanobacteria, play a significant role in soil habitats as they impact the growth and development of plants. They serve as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) by conducting photosynthesis, fixing nitrogen, and enhancing soil mass growth and nitrogen levels. This research aimed to isolate cyanobacteria from various Governorates including Kafr El-Sheikh, El-Gharbia, El-Dakahlia, Damietta, and El-Behiera, and identified 50 different cyanobacterial isolates through morphological characterizations such as thallus color, morphology and dimension, heterocyst size, vegetative and reproductive cells. The majority of isolates were identified as Nostoc sp., Anabaena sp., Calothrix sp., and Oscillatoria sp., while the lesser frequent ones included Calothrix sp., Oscillatoria sp., Phormidium sp., and Pseudanabaena sp. Those isolates that exhibited the most favorable properties in fixed nitrogen and mass production were identified using molecular 16S rRNA and were found to belong to Nostoc lichenoides, Nostoc indistinguendun and Nostoc favosum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Field experiments were carried out at The Experimental Farm of Sakha Research Station, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt during 2020 and 2021 seasons. The study aimed to investigate the response of Sakha 109 to irrigation intervals and phosphorus levels. A strip-plot design, with three plant replications, was used. The vertical plots contained four irrigation intervals, namely: continuous flooding (CF), irrigation every 6, 9, and 12 days (D). The horizontal plots consisted of four triple superphosphate fertilizer rates as follows: Control, 24, 48 and 72 kg P2O5/ha. The results revealed that Leaf area index (LAI), dry matter /m², plant height, number of panicles/m², number of filled grains/panicle, panicle length, panicle weight, 1000 grain weight and grain yield significantly increased at CF and 6D, 9D, as compared to the 12D treatment. Leaf area index, dry matter, plant height, grain yield, and its components were increased significantly by the application of 48 and 72 kg P2O5/ha without significant differences between the two treatments. Continuous flooding consumed the highest amount of total applied water while, the lowest amount was exerted by irrigation every 12 days. Irrigation every 6 days gave a similar grain yield to that of CF with less amount of irrigation water and gave reasonable water productivity in both seasons. Generally, it is suitable to use irrigation every 6 days with the application of 48 kg P2O5/ha for the highest grain yield of Sakha 109 and best water productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Field experiment was initiated during the 2018 and 2019 seasons at The Experimental Farm of Sakha Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt. The purpose of this study is to determine a more suitable nitrogen fertilization mode under water deficit for improving the grain yield and quality of Giza 179 rice cultivar. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. Three irrigation treatments were distributed in the main plots namely, continuous flooding (CF), irrigation every 4 and 8 days after the disappearance of ponded water (DADPW). However, the subplots were occupied by five splits of nitrogen application, i.e., T1 (all dose as basal), T2 (½ as basal + ½ top dressing at the mid tillering stage), T3 (½ as basal + ¼ top dressing at mid tillering + ¼ top dressing at panicle initiation), T4 ( as basal+ at mid tillering + at panicle initiation), and T5 ( as basal + at mid tillering). The results revealed that growth, grain yield and its components and grain quality were significantly increased under CF without significant differences with 4-DADPW compared to the 8-DADPW treatment. The T3 and T4 treatments registered higher values of growth and grain yield than other treatments. Continuous flooding consumed the highest amount of irrigation water. However, the lowest amount of water was received by 8-DADPW treatment and gave reasonable water productivity in both seasons. Generally, in the case of the shortage of irrigation water, it is possible to use irrigation as 4-DADPW with nitrogen application as T4 or T3, leading to high values of growth, grain yield and quality, and water productivity for Giza 179 cultivar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]