1. Ions composition of waste water after reverse osmosis filtration of drinking water: risk analysis and contribution to mineral nutrition.
- Author
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Alrabadi, Nasr, Al-Rabadi, Ghaid J., and Alzoubi, Karem H.
- Subjects
DRINKING water analysis ,REVERSE osmosis ,WATER filtration ,COMPOSITION of water ,SEWAGE ,WATER chlorination ,REVERSE osmosis process (Sewage purification) - Abstract
This work aimed to investigate the ions composition of wastewater produced after reverse osmosis and the suitability of using wastewater as a drinking source for different farm animals, especially in poultry, the most sensitive/intolerant farm animals. Ten samples of wastewater (three replicates) were obtained from different water filtration stations in Jordan and were analysed for their cations: sodium (Na), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) and anions; fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), nitrite (NO
2 ), nitrate (NO3 ), phosphate (PO4 ) and sulfate (SO4 ) concentrations. The highest variation was found in both K (CV% = 99.7) and F (CV% = 90.78). With mineral concentration in extreme/highest cases, analysed wastewater samples can provide a negligible contribution to poultry (broilers) requirements, as the case in K (0.27%) or can supply excessive amounts as in Na (150.0%). In all wastewater samples, Cl and F levels were above the safety guidelines recommended for poultry drinking water. In some of the selected samples, presence of Na (9 out of 10 samples) and sulfate (5 out of 10 samples) was higher than the recommended limits for broilers. Other analysed minerals were found tolerable by poultry. Results suggest the feasibility of re-using wastewater directly or indirectly after mixing it with public water as a source of drinking water for farm animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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