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The conventional SC transdermal insulin injections may create some obstacles to be the preferred technique for diabetic patients, such as pain, needle phobia, skin irritation, bruising at the injection site, and skin hardness, etc. For this purpose, this study has been conducted on "A survey on the potential awareness for the delivery of insulin using transdermal microneedle array in Jordan" involving a sample size of 400 diabetic patients. The questionnaire consists of 17 questions that asked for some problems associated with the conventional SC transdermal injections, a brief introduction for MN technology and acceptance of microneedle patches in the future. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 23. It was found that 75.3% of the sample population used insulin on a regular basis and 39.3% was needle phobic. In conclusion, 85.5% of patients preferred to use microneedle for insulin delivery for controlling glucose levels. More clinical trials should be performed to develop microneedle technologies for insulin delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As of 2022, the global population has access to several mRNA and traditional inactivated vaccines. However, their effectiveness in preventing infection, hospitalization, and COVID-associated mortality in Jordan has yet to be evaluated. The purpose of this observational study was to evaluate the relative effectiveness of three approved vaccines against COVID-19 in a sample of the Jordanian population. The study was conducted between July 2021 and 2022 in a sample of adult patients presenting to hospitals across Jordan and receiving one of the three vaccines – Pfizer (BNT162b2), Astra Zeneca (ChAdOx1-S), or Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV). Data were collected to measure the rates of infection without hospitalization, infection with hospitalization, and death. The sample included patients with one of the following chronic conditions: cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, or diabetes. Primary data were obtained from patients' health records. The sample included 6132 adults from Jordan, with a mean age 52 ± 17 years. The rates of death in patients receiving two doses of any vaccine ranged between 0.175 and 2.77%, compared with 0.69–13.53% in patients receiving only one dose. The rates of hospitalization were 6–7.97% with two doses, compared to 7.98–25.13% with one dose. The rates of infection without hospitalization were significantly higher in the two-dose group (6–25.1%) compared with those who had received only one dose of any COVID-19 vaccine (0.69–10.61%). In conclusion, receiving two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine was associated with lower odds of mortality and hospitalization and higher odds of infection. More research is needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. • Vaccines are strongly recommended as safe and effective at preventing serious illness or death from COVID - 19. • The second doses of a COVID-19 vaccine were associated with lower odds of mortality. • Vaccine results in reducing poor outcomes for COVID-19 in patients with chronic diseases are inadequate. • Despite receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, SARS-CoV-2 infection poses a high risk for respiratory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]