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Purposes: Concerns have been raised regarding an apparent shortage of general surgeons in Japan, but the actual situation is actually not altogether clear. To clarify the trends in the number of general surgeons in Japan, we studied the number of doctors by specialty over time. Methods: This study investigated the covered trends in the number of doctors over time, a comparison of work formats (employment in hospitals versus clinics), and the trends in the ratio of female doctors. We used data from the Survey of Doctors, Dentists and Pharmacists from 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, and 2006. Results: Between 1994 and 2006, the number of general surgeons fell by 12.7 %, from 24,718 to 21,574. More than 20 % of the general surgeons, aged 25 to 54 years old, either changed jobs or changed specialties between 1996 and 2006. Among the general surgeons, aged 25 to 54 years old, the number of those working in hospitals fell by 2,567 (16.2 %) between 2000 and 2006, while the number working in health clinics rose by 348 (19.8 %). The ratio of female general surgeons rose from 2.4 % in 1996 to 4.5 % in 2006. Conclusions: The decrease in general surgeons in Japan is largely often due to mid-career job separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study that investigates the factors in the work environment influencing mental health status among female doctors in Japan. It shows that 46.1% of the doctors met the criteria for having psychological distress. It also indicates that age, marital status, medical facility, position, working time, and working at night were associated with the GHQ-30 score.