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Copyright of Humanitas: International Journal of Social Sciences / Uluslararasi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Humanitas: International Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As the first modernized Asian country, Japan has successful experience in education, especially in the women education. The reasons for the fast growth of women education in modern Japan includes First, the Teragoya as the civilian educational institution had laid a good foundation for the later popularization of women education from the Meiji period because it took the women as an educational object in Edo period. Secondly, Japanese female education has had a tortuous development process after the Meiji Restoration from imitating Europe and the United States" system initially to developing rapidly according to their national conditions. Thirdly, private schools had been important supplements to public women schools. Such private -- public and men -- women dual systems promoted the development of private schools. Lastly, the goal of cultivating the girls as good wife and mother had motivated the female education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this Internet study was to describe menopausal symptoms, perceived causes of the symptoms, and management strategies for the symptoms among five ethnic groups of Asian American women. Sixty-two university faculty and/or staff members aged 40 to 60 years who self-reported as Asian Americans and could read and write English were recruited through the Internet. An Internet survey was conducted, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The most prevalent symptoms were "worrying about body," "aches in back of neck and skull," and "weight gain." Most of the women perceived "aging" as the main cause of their symptoms and chose not to manage their symptoms. The findings strongly suggest that women's own explanation of their symptoms is frequently different from that of health care providers.