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Abstract: This paper reports R&D progress of the MeV class accelerator, beam focussing technique and a high voltage (HV) bushing toward the ITER Neutral Beam system at JAEA. A H− ion beam of 320mA (current density: 140A/m2) was successfully accelerated up to 796keV by fixing air leak in the ion source chamber caused by heat loading due to backstream positive ions. From analyses of a three-dimensional beam trajectory, a countermeasure against beamlet deflection due to space charge repulsion among beamlets was identified to compensate the deflection by proper aperture offset in the electron suppression grid. For development of the HV bushing, a half-size (Ø800mm) mockup single stage bushing was manufactured and tested, that demonstrated the dc voltage holding capability of up to 220kV in a condition with vacuum inside. Electrostatic analyses and design of the HV bushing are in progress, in which some design improvements are suggested to reduce electric field strength on the surface of ceramic insulator. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: IRFM (CEA Cadarache) and JAEA Naka have entered into a collaboration in order to test a Single Gap, Single Aperture (SINGAP) [H.P.L. de Esch, R.S. Hemsworth, P. Massmann, Updated physics design ITER-SINGAP accelerator, Fusion Eng. Des. 73 (2005) 329.] accelerator at the JAEA Megavolt Test Facility (MTF) at Naka, Japan. Whereas at the CEA testbed the acceleration current was limited to 0.1A, at JAEA 0.5A is available. This allows the acceleration of 15 H− beamlets in SINGAP to be tested and a direct comparison between SINGAP and Multi Aperture, Multi Grid (MAMuG) [M. Taniguchi, T. Inoue, N. Umeda, M. Kashiwagi, K. Watanabe, H. Tobari, M. Dairaku, K. Sakamoto, Acceleration of ampere class H− ion beam by MeV accelerator, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79 (2008) 02C110.] to be made. High voltage conditioning in the SINGAP configuration has been quite slow, with 581kV in vacuum achieved after 140h of conditioning. With 0.25Pa of H2 gas present in the accelerator 787kV could be achieved. The conditioning curve for MAMuG is 200kV higher. SINGAP beam optics appears in agreement with calculation results. A beamlet divergence better than 5mrad was obtained. SINGAP accelerates electrons to a higher energy than MAMuG. Measurements of the power intercepted on one of the electron dumps have been compared with EAMCC code [G. Fubiani, H.P.L. de Esch, A. Simonin, R.S. Hemsworth, Modeling of secondary emission processes in the negative ion based electrostatic accelerator of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 11 (2008) 014202.] calculations. Based on the experiments described here, electron production by a SINGAP accelerator scaled up to ITER size was estimated to be too high for comfort. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The capsalid monogenean Neobenedenia girellae, a parasite of seawater fishes, was found to express an antigen that elicits antibodies in rabbits, and these antibodies had agglutination/immobilization activity against N. girellae larvae (oncomiracidia) in vitro. Indirect immunofluorescence staining of N. girellae oncomiracidia showed that this agglutination/immobilization antigen was expressed on the surface of cilia. An intraperitoneal injection of ciliary proteins (either sonicated or intact) with adjuvant also elicited agglutinizing/immobilizing antibodies in sera from Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. These antisera showed a clear correlation between anti-ciliary antibody levels (measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays) and their agglutination/immobilization activity. Anti-ciliary antibody levels in Japanese flounder reached a plateau at 39 days after booster immunization and were significantly higher in the two immunized groups (injection of sonicated or intact cilia) as compared with control fish (injection of bovine serum albumin; ANOVA, Tukey's test, P < 0.01). Anti-ciliary antibodies were also found in fish mucus; however, there was no correlation between fish serum anti-ciliary antibody levels and mucus antibody levels. A Triton X-114-soluble 8 kDa glycoprotein of the ciliary integral membrane fraction is a plausible candidate for the agglutination/immobilization antigen based on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblot analyses with rabbit and fish antisera.

Background and Aims: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of exercise habituation (3-32 years, mean 13.2 years) on physical vitality among five different groups., Methods: One hundred and two independent, community-dwelling elderly Japanese men, aged 64.6 +/- 6.6 years, were recruited as subjects. The vital age test battery consisted of various coronary heart disease risk factors and physical fitness elements., Results: The results of analysis of variance revealed that vital age as an index of physical vitality was youngest in joggers (47.9 yr, N=18), intermediate in trekkers (55.8 yr, N=20) and walkers (59.1 yr, N=18), and oldest (69.6 yr, N=20) in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). The difference between chronological age and vital age was approximately 15 years (p<0.05) in joggers, and 8 years (p<0.05) in trekkers and walkers. The vital age of sedentary persons (N=26) was only 1.9 years (NS) younger than their chronological age, which was similar to the difference (vital age of 64.1 +/- 8.5 yr vs chronological age of 65.7 +/- 5.4 yr) previously observed in similarly aged exercising IHD patients., Conclusions: These results indicate that exercise habituation significantly affects the overall health status of most individuals, irrespective of mode of exercise. Among the three modes of exercise, jogging may be most beneficial. Furthermore, regularly exercising coronary patients may have physical vitality similar to that of sedentary men.

We examined the correlation between the incidence of Crohn disease and dietary change in a relatively homogeneous Japanese population. The incidence and daily intake of each dietary component were compared annually from 1966 to 1985. The univariate analysis showed that the increased incidence of Crohn disease was strongly (P < 0.001) correlated with increased dietary intake of total fat (r = 0.919). animal fat (r = 0.880), n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (r = 0.883), animal protein (r = 0.908), milk protein (r = 0.924), and the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acid intake (r = 0.792). It was less correlated with intake of total protein (r = 0.482, P < 0.05), was not correlated with intake of fish protein (r = 0.055, P > 0.1), and was inversely correlated with intake of vegetable protein (r = -0.941, P < 0.001). The multivariate analysis showed that increased intake of animal protein was the strongest independent factor with a weaker second factor, an increased ration of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The present study in association with reported clinical studies suggests that increased dietary intake of animal protein and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids with less n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may contribute to the development of Crohn disease.

The outcome was studied of gastric carcinoma found in six selected mass survey groups. One-hundred-and-thirty-seven cases of gastric carcinoma were detected and followed-up postoperatively for 16 years at the longest. They consisted of 55 cases of early and 74 of advanced carcinoma with eight cases of unknown depth of involvement. Early carcinoma amounted to 42-6% of the cases with known depth of involvement. The relative five-year and 10-year survival rates calculated by the method of Ederer et al. (1961) in the 137 cases were 0-628 and 0-642, respectively, and those for early carcinoma were 0-959 and 1-016. These survival rates are remarkably high. The five-year survival rate in those who were followed-up after operation for more than five years (83 cases) was 0-554, which is much higher than that of the outpatient cases, who presented themselves for medical advice with some symptoms. The good prognosis is largely explained by a high incidence of early gastric carcinoma in the cases detected in the mass survey. Where methods of screening were concerned, the use of the gastrocamera markedly improved the detection rate of gastric carcinoma.