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Aim: The objective of this study was to reveal risk factors for incident of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) compared with Alzheimer disease (AD) in Japan., Method: Fifty consecutive subjects diagnosed with FTD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) under 75 years old were included retrospectively. As a control group, 48 subjects who were diagnosed with AD according to the DSM-5 and matched by age, sex, educational history, and Mini-Mental State Examination were also included. In order to examine the distinctive risk factors of FTD, we compared the relationship between symptomatologic features, Clinical Dementia Rating, clinical factors, and sociopsychological factors in the two groups., Result: Patients with FTD were more likely than patients with AD to have meticulous premorbid personality and less likely to have a history of diabetes than patients with AD. Although the regression analysis was not significant, a history of psychiatric disorders tends to affect the incidence of FTD., Conclusions: These findings regarding the risk of FTD are expected to lead to early diagnosis and care of FTD. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 932-937., (© 2023 Japan Geriatrics Society.)