Search

The current study aims to evaluate teachers' self-efficacy and attitudes towards inclusive classrooms in Japan and Korea. Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES; Tschannen-Moran and Woolfolk, [Tschannen-Moran, M., 2001]) and Scale of Teachers' Attitudes Towards Inclusive Classrooms (STATIC; Cochran, [Cochran, H., 1998]) were completed by 191 Japanese and 102 Korean teachers. The study found that Korean general education teachers' self-efficacy was higher than Japanese general teachers. However, no significant differences were found between Japanese and Korean special education teachers. Within the Korean group, general teachers had higher self-efficacy but less positive attitudes towards inclusive education than special education teachers. Korean special education teachers were the least confident in teacher-to-teacher collaboration, while Japanese teachers were the most confident in such collaboration. Both Japanese and Korean teachers expressed a strong demand for in-service training. Some of the implications of the findings are discussed in relating to the differences between Japanese and Korean teacher preparation systems. [Paper presented at the Inclusive and Supportive Education IV Conference Congresso Internacional da Pró-Inclusão (8th, Lisbon, Portugal, July 26-29, 2016).]

The current study aims to evaluate teachers' self-efficacy and attitudes towards inclusive classrooms in Japan and Korea. Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale ( TSES; Tschannen-Moran and Woolfolk, ) and Scale of Teachers' Attitudes Towards Inclusive Classrooms ( STATIC; Cochran, ) were completed by 191 Japanese and 102 Korean teachers. The study found that Korean general education teachers' self-efficacy was higher than Japanese general teachers. However, no significant differences were found between Japanese and Korean special education teachers. Within the Korean group, general teachers had higher self-efficacy but less positive attitudes towards inclusive education than special education teachers. Korean special education teachers were the least confident in teacher-to-teacher collaboration, while Japanese teachers were the most confident in such collaboration. Both Japanese and Korean teachers expressed a strong demand for in-service training. Some of the implications of the findings are discussed in relating to the differences between Japanese and Korean teacher preparation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Whether to perform hybrid surgery (HS) in contrast to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) when treating patients with multilevel cervical disc degeneration remains a controversial subject. To resolve this we have undertaken a meta-analysis comparing the outcomes from HS with ACDF in this condition., Methods: Seven databases were searched for studies of HS and ACDF from inception of the study to 1 September 2019. Both random-effects and fixed-effects models were used to evaluate the overall effect of the C2-C7 range of motion (ROM), ROM of superior/inferior adjacent levels, adjacent segment degeneration (ASD), heterotopic ossification (HO), complications, neck disability index (NDI) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, Odom's criteria, blood loss, and operating and hospitalization time. To obtain more credible results contour-enhanced funnel plots, Egger's and Begg's tests, meta-regression, and sensitivity analyses were performed., Results: In total, 17 studies involving 861 patients were included in the analysis. HS was found to be superior to ACDF in maintaining C2-C7 ROM and ROM of superior/inferior adjacent levels, but HS did not reduce the incidence of associated level ASD. Also, HS did not cause a higher rate of HO than ACDF. The frequency of complications was similar between the two techniques. HS failed to achieve more favourable outcomes than ACDF using the NDI, VAS, JOA, and Odom's scores. HS did not show any more advantages in operating or hospitalization time but did show reduction in blood loss., Conclusion: Although HS maintained cervical kinetics, it failed to reduce the incidence of ASD. This finding differs from previous reports. Moreover, patients did not show more benefits from HS with respect to symptom improvement, prevention of complications, and clinical outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(8):981-996.