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Greying of population is one of the most significant characteristics of the twenty-first century. Rapid ageing trends present new challenges to governments, communities, families, and the elderly themselves. Elderly women are a significant group of the society. Addressing their agendas in familial, social and economic spheres is imperative for improving their overall status and, in turn, the society's as well. This article describes the result of a comparative study to examine the cross country differences (India and Japan) in the socioeconomic status of elderly women. It aims at highlighting the differences in the social and economic conditions of aged women in a developed country as against a developing country. Empirical data was collected from representative samples of elderly women from both countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]