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Knowledge transfer effectiveness is considered one of the most important factors for ensuring the success of any enterprise, especially for multinational enterprises. However, in the case of Japan, the effectiveness of knowledge transfer between Japanese managers and foreign employees is not high. This limited effectiveness is understood as linked to the cultural distance between Japanese managers and foreign employees. The main goal of this study is to explore the impact of organizational culture on knowledge transfer in Japanese enterprises. Quantitative survey research was conducted with 365 respondents, who are Vietnamese labourers working in Japan. Analysis showed that two factors had a positive impact on the effectiveness of knowledge transfer: cultural openness and managers' communication ability. The study draws on these results to make recommend improvements in the knowledge transfer process between Japanese managers and Vietnamese employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study examines the role of anxiety in kaizen behaviour and performance by empirically testing the influence of personal anxiety (state and trait) on individual kaizen behaviours (rule adherence, initiative and perseverance of effort), which, in turn, affect individual kaizen performance. Design/methodology/approach: The data were obtained from a survey of 552 employees of four companies in Japan and analysed using structural equation modelling. Findings: The results show that state anxiety has a significantly positive effect on rule adherence and kaizen performance. Trait anxiety positively influences employees' initiative and perseverance but has a significant negative effect on kaizen performance. Originality/value: This study contributes to kaizen and continuous improvement theory by focussing on individual kaizen, which is considered to be as important as organisation-level kaizen and investigating the relevance of personal anxiety in individual kaizen behaviours and kaizen performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the study conducted in Japan regarding the evolution of nucleotide sequences and organization of genes for Carotovocin from Erwinia carotovora. The authors discuss the gene organization and deduced amino acid sequences of carotovoricins in the chromosome on Salmonella enterica. Moreover, they talk about the mosaic structure of CtvEr genes and Mu-like prophage genes.