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The presence of toxic metals such as vanadium in water resources has attracted considerable attention as a new concern in international health. Systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to assess the concentration of vanadium in water resources along with the relevant ecological risk assessment. Databases of Scopus, PubMed, and Embase were investigated to retrieve the related articles from January 01, 1974 to December 25, 2019. Twenty-eight articles containing 152 samples from 24 countries were included. Furthermore, the meta-analysis was conducted by the approach of z-score to estimate differences in the effect size. In addition, the mean of concentrations of vanadium was applied to calculate the risk assessment only to the water surface and choose the maximum environmental concentration (MEC) for demonstrate a worst-case scenario. Here, the risk assessment approach was used to show that the MEC of vanadium confirm the risk it for aquatic ecosystems, being fish (e.g., Danio rerio) our model organism due to their sensibility. According to findings, the MEC of vanadium in surface water varied from 0.010 μg L−1 (USA) and 68 μg L−1 (China), with an overall mean of 6.21 ± 13.3 μg L−1 (mean ± standard deviation). The ecological risk assessment demonstrated that people living in some countries such as China and Japan were at an adverse ecological risk of vanadium in the water resources. Hence, essential control plans besides adequate removal techniques must be implemented for significant deracination of heavy metals like vanadium. Image 1 • Twenty eight articles with 152 samples were included in the study. • Maximum environmental concentration (MEC) of Vanadium in water was varied from 0.010 μgL−1 (USA) and 68 μgL−1 (China). • China and Japan are exposed to adverse vanadium ecological risk in the water. • The order of sensitivity to vanadium-based on SSD was as R. subcapitata > D. magna > O. mykiss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]