1. Mixtures of Three Mortaparibs with Enhanced Anticancer, Anti-Migration, and Antistress Activities: Molecular Characterization in p53-Null Cancer Cells.
- Author
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Wadhwa, Renu, Yang, Shi, Meidinna, Hazna Noor, Sari, Anissa Nofita, Bhargava, Priyanshu, and Kaul, Sunil C.
- Subjects
CANCER relapse ,RESEARCH funding ,ANTINEOPLASTIC agents ,CELL proliferation ,APOPTOSIS ,CELL motility ,OXIDATIVE stress ,CELLULAR signal transduction ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,SMALL molecules ,CELL lines ,TUMOR suppressor genes ,METASTASIS ,TUMORS ,PHENOTYPES - Abstract
Simple Summary: The Hsp70 family stress chaperone mortalin plays an important role in carcinogenesis and hence has emerged as a candidate target for cancer drug development. Mortaparibs (Mortaparib, Mortaparib
Plus , and MortaparibMild ) are chemically synthesized small molecules isolated as inhibitors of mortalin–p53 interaction. They also downregulate mortalin and PARP1 expression and block cancer signaling in multiple ways. In this study, we demonstrate (i) the anticancer activity of MortaparibMild in p53-null cancer cells and (ii) combinations of three Mortaparibs for enhancing their potency for treating the hyper-proliferation, -migration, and -stress phenotypes of cancer cells. Mortalin, a member of the Hsp70 family of proteins, is commonly enriched in many types of cancers. It promotes carcinogenesis and metastasis in multiple ways of which the inactivation of the tumor suppressor activity of p53 has been firmly established. The downregulation of mortalin and/or disruption of mortalin–p53 interactions by small molecules has earlier been shown to activate p53 function yielding growth arrest/apoptosis in cancer cells. Mortaparibs (Mortaparib, MortaparibPlus , and MortaparibMild ) are chemical inhibitors of mortalin isolated by cell-based two-way screening involving (i) a shift in the mortalin staining pattern from perinuclear (characteristics of cancer cells) to pancytoplasmic (characteristics of normal cells) and (ii) the nuclear enrichment of p53. They have similar structures and also cause the inhibition of PARP1 and hence were named Mortaparibs. In the present study, we report the anticancer and anti-metastasis activity of MortaparibMild (4-[(4-amino-5-thiophen-2-yl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)sulfanylmethyl]-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine) in p53-null cells. By extensive molecular analyses of cell proliferation, growth arrest, and apoptosis pathways, we demonstrate that although it causes relatively weaker cytotoxicity compared to Mortaparib and MortaparibPlus , its lower concentrations were equally potent to inhibit cell migration. We developed combinations (called MortaparibMix-AP , MortaparibMix-AM , and MortaparibMix-AS ) consisting of different ratios of three Mortaparibs for specifically enhancing their anti-proliferation, anti-migration, and antistress activities, respectively. Based on the molecular analyses of control and treated cells, we suggest that the three Mortaparibs and their mixtures may be considered for further laboratory and clinical studies validating their use for the treatment of cancer as well as prevention of its relapse and metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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