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Idiopathic non-infectious meningoencephalomyelitis (NIME), which is thought to be an immune-mediated disease, is a common inflammatory disease in dogs. Meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin (MUO), a subgroup of NIME, consists of necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME), necrotizing leukoencephalitis, and granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis. Recent studies have shown associations between disease development and dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) class II genes in NME in Pugs and in NIME in Greyhounds. This study focused on Chihuahuas, which have a high incidence of MUO and are one of the most common dog breeds in Japan. Because the development of MUO seems to be associated with DLA class II genes, we aimed to evaluate the association between DLA class II genes and MUO development in Chihuahuas. Blood samples were obtained from 22 Chihuahuas with MUO (MUO group) and 46 without neurological diseases (control). The allele sequences of three DLA class II loci were determined, and haplotypes were estimated from these data. In total, 23 haplotypes were detected. The frequency of one haplotype (DLA-DRB1*015:01--DQA1*006:01--DQB1*023:01) was significantly higher in the MUO group than in the control group (odds ratio, 7.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.37-36.81; P=0.0141). The results suggest that the development of MUO in Chihuahuas may be associated with DLA class II genes. Because the identified risk haplotypes differed from those of other breeds, the pathogenesis of NIME-related diseases may differ among dog breeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there is growing clinical interest in problematic pornography use (PPU), few studies focus on differences between men and women. The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in the effects of pornographic media and personality traits on the PPU. Participants were a community sample of 502 men and 509 women, who completed an online questionnaire. Pornographic video, low self-control, and Fun Seeking affected the PPU for men and women. For women, Reward Responsiveness and Drive are also related to the severity of PPU. Gender differences should be considered when considering treatment and prevention of problematic pornography use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The health effects of telework, which was introduced extensively in the immediate context of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis in Japan, on teleworkers, their families, and non-teleworkers, are unknown. Accordingly, we developed a rapid health impact assessment (HIA) to evaluate positive and negative health effects of telework on these groups and recommended easily implementable countermeasures. Methods: Immediately after an emergency was declared in Japan, we implemented a rapid, five-step HIA. We screened and categorized health effects of telework for the three above-mentioned groups, extracting their content, directionality, and likelihood. Following a scoping exercise to determine the HIA’s overall implementation, five experienced occupational health physicians appraised and prioritized the screened items and added new items. We outlined specific countermeasures and disseminated the results on our website. A short-term evaluation was conducted by three external occupational health physicians and three nurses. Results: Following screening and appraisal, 59, 29, and 27 items were listed for teleworkers, non-teleworkers, and family members of teleworkers, respectively, covering work, lifestyle, disease and medical care, and home and community. Targeted countermeasures focused on the work environment, business management, communications, and lifestyles for teleworkers; safety and medical guidelines, work prioritization, and regular communication for non-teleworkers; and shared responsibilities within families and communication outside families for family members of teleworkers. Conclusion: The HIA’s validity and the countermeasures’ practical applicability were confirmed by the external evaluators. They can be easily applied and adapted across diverse industries to mitigate the wider negative effects of telework and enhance its positive effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cognitions associated with Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) need to be clarified. ICD-11 diagnostic criteria state that distress related to moral disapproval of sexual urges is not sufficient to meet diagnostic requirements. However, disapproval of pornography and sexual behavior may influence CSB. Previous studies have focused on disapproval related to religiosity. In Japan, religious beliefs are low. This study aims to clarify the relationship between moral disapproval and cognition about sexual behaviors and CSB in Japan. Method: An online survey was conducted with a sample representing Japan (N = 1,094, 49%women, Mage = 39.9, SD = 11.6). Participants were completed CSBD-19, Problematic Pornography Use Scale (PPUS), Negative Sexual Attitude Inventory (NSAI), and Questions about cognition about sexual behaviors. Results: Regression analyses were conducted. Sexual avoidance of the NSAI subscale and one item (I should only have sexual relations with people I really love) was negatively associated with CSBD-19 and PPUS (ps < .001). Sexual anxiety as subfactor of NSAI and one item (Sexual desires must be released) was positively associated with the CSBD-19 and PPUS (ps < .001). One item (It is morally bad to use pornography) was not significantly associated. For men and women, respectively, the results showed different. Conclusions: These results suggested that individuals with higher CSB scores may have an open mind about sexual behavior, be more sexually anxious, and believe that they must release their sexual desires. It was suggested that cognition should be considered in the treatment and assessment of CSB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]