51,876 results
Search Results
152. The Top 100 Most-Cited Papers in Cariology: A Bibliometric Analysis.
- Author
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Baldiotti ALP, Amaral-Freitas G, Barcelos JF, Freire-Maia J, Perazzo MF, Freire-Maia FB, Paiva SM, Ferreira FM, and Martins-Júnior PA
- Subjects
- Humans, Japan, Research Design, Sweden, United States, Bibliometrics, Publications
- Abstract
A highly cited paper is seen as a landmark in any field and can influence both research and clinical practice. This study aimed to quali-quantitatively analyze the 100 most-cited papers in Cariology. A search strategy was first determined using specific keywords related to the field. A comprehensive search was then conducted in the Thompson Reuters Web of Science citation indexing database up to April 2019. Papers focused on any aspect of Cariology were included. A panel of 4 researchers conducted the selection of papers and extracted data on the number of citations, title, authors, country, year, journals, study design, and topic of interest. Scopus and Google Scholar were also searched to compare the number of citations. The VOSviewer software was used to generate bibliometric networks. The number of citations among the top 100 most-cited papers ranged from 168 to 1,961 with a mean of 292,66. Three papers had more than 1,000 citations. The Journal of Dental Research (20%) and Caries Research (17%) had more top papers. The oldest and the most recent papers were published in 1960 and 2015. Literature reviews (35%) and laboratorial studies (31%) were the most common study designs. The countries with the highest number of most-cited papers were the USA (40%), Sweden (10%), and Japan (9%). The most studied fields of interest were etiology/pathogenesis (41%) and prevention (20%). VOSviewer maps revealed collaborative networks between countries and organizations. The top 100 most-cited papers in Cariology were published mainly by European and Anglo-Saxon American authors and were composed mainly of literature reviews with etiology/pathogenesis as the most frequent topic of interest., (© 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
153. Human Welfare and Technological Innovation. Open Grants Papers No. 2.
- Author
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Hawaii Univ., Honolulu. East-West Center., Hayashi, Yujiro, Hayashi, Yujiro, and Hawaii Univ., Honolulu. East-West Center.
- Abstract
This publication on human welfare and technological innovation contains two sections. The first section examines the objectives and functions of technological innovation while the second section discusses the direction and analysis of technology transfer between Japan and other nations. Subtopics within the first section include: (1) characteristics of technology, (2) human and environmental problems associated with technology, and (3) countermeasures to offset the problems of increasing technology. Section 2 contains five subtopics dealing with Japan's technology and its relationship to Asia and the world. These subtopics analyze problems stemming from the change in the industrial structure of Japan, examine Japan's role in the international division of labor and in the energy crisis, discuss the characteristics of Japan's science and technology and her relations with the United States and the industrialized nations of Europe, analyze relationships in the international division of labor in Asia, and discuss the need to develop a new scale for perception of environmental quality. (Author/DE)
- Published
- 1974
154. Modern Japanese Novels in English: A Selected Bibliography. Service Center Paper on Asian Studies, No. 7.
- Author
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Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Service Center for Teachers of Asian Studies. and Beauchamp, Nancy Junko
- Abstract
Selected contemporary Japanese novels translated into English are compiled in this bibliography as a guide for teachers interested in the possibilities offered by Japanese fiction. The bibliography acquaints teachers with available Japanese fiction that can be incorporated into social sciences or humanities courses to introduce Japan to students or to provide a comparative perspective. The selection, beginning with the first modern novel "Ukigumo," 1887-89, is limited to accessible full-length novels with post-1945 translations, excluding short stories and fugitive works. The entries are arranged alphabetically by author, with his literary awards given first followed by an alphabetical listing of English titles of his works. The entry information for each title includes the romanized Japanese title and original publication date, publications of the work, a short abstract, and major reviews. Included in the prefatory section are an overview of the milieu from which Japanese fiction has emerged; the scope of the contemporary period; and guides to new publications, abstracts, reviews, and criticisms and literary essays. (Author/ND)
- Published
- 1974
155. The Application of Behavior Analysis to the Learning of Reading in a Retarded Child. Working Paper Series.
- Author
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Tokyo Gakugei Univ. (Japan). Research Inst. for the Education of Exceptional Children. and Yamaguchi, Kaoru
- Abstract
The study undertook to teach and fix the reading of meaningful symbols (hiragana, the Japanese syllabary alphabet, and kanji, Chinese characters) to a mildly retarded 7 year old Japanese boy. The phonological method was used to teach hiragana and pictures were used to teach kanji. Behavior modification using reinforcement and time out was employed. Results showed that the boy retained 90% of the letters taught by the phonological approach but was unable to retain the kanji numbers because his concept of numbers was as yet unformed. All reinforcement techniques and the time out procedure enhanced learning. Following treatment the boy's behavior changed; he correctly wrote the letters he had acquired, stopped getting out of his seat during class, and stopped crying so easily. (PHR)
- Published
- 1978
156. Nature in World Development: Patterns in the Preservation of Scenic and Outdoor Recreation Resources. Working Papers.
- Author
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Rockefeller Foundation, New York, NY., Nash, Roderick, Nash, Roderick, and Rockefeller Foundation, New York, NY.
- Abstract
This report reviews the problems of protecting nature in a heavily industrialized democracy such as the United States. Factors contributing to the establishment of protected areas in the United States are traced from the creation of Yellowstone National Park in 1872 to the present. Arguments in defense of wilderness areas consider nature as: (1) a reservoir of normal ecological processes, (2) a sustainer of biological diversity, (3) a formative influence on the national character, (4) a church, (5) a guardian of mental health, and (6) an educational asset in developing environmental responsibility. Diverse agencies, programs, and efforts exist at all levels. The National Park Service, the United States Forest Service, the Bureau of Land Management, and the National Wilderness Preservation System function on the federal level. Coastal zone management and land use laws protect natural areas on the state level, city and county parks serve as protected areas on local levels, and private organizations such as the Sierra Club also contribute to wilderness preservation. Problems arise from the conflict between economic development and nature preservation, and the popularity of nature areas which leads to their destruction. Programs in Japan, Australia, New Zealand, East Africa, Europe, the Soviet Union, and Canada are also described. (KC)
- Published
- 1978
157. Japan through Children's Literature: A Critical Bibliography. Occasional Paper No. 5.
- Author
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Duke Univ., Durham, NC. Center for International Studies. and Makino, Yasuko
- Abstract
This critical annotated bibliography cites literature intended to help American children acquire an accurate image and understanding of Japan and Japanese culture. Of the approximately 300 items reviewed, over 150 have been included. The author selected for inclusion both good and bad publications to give teachers an idea of what to look for in choosing and evaluating books about Japan. Each book is evaluated in terms of content and accuracy in portraying Japan. Grade levels are indicated. The bibliography is divided into sections on art, music, fiction, folklore and legend, poetry, and social studies. Reference materials for further research are cited. The 50 most recommended titles are listed. A title index is included. (Author/RM)
- Published
- 1978
158. The Structure of Academic Governance in Japan. Yale Higher Education Program Working Paper.
- Author
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Yale Univ., New Haven, CT. Inst. for Social and Policy Studies., Wheeler, Donald F., Wheeler, Donald F., and Yale Univ., New Haven, CT. Inst. for Social and Policy Studies.
- Abstract
The Japanese university system has been evolving gradually from more traditional patterns to more modern ones in terms of increased efficiency and participation, as well as from an elite to a mass enrollment system. However, the basic patterns of control and decisionmaking have changed little. The universities have been able to resist intrusions by the Ministry of Education, but many needed reforms have not taken place. Frustrated in its attempts to introduce structural reforms in existing universities, the Ministry of Education has turned more to the use of incentives to accomplish its aims, and it has established some new institutions on its own initiative. In the long run, these are likely to have considerable influence on the shape of Japanese higher education. (Author)
- Published
- 1976
159. Research Papers Sponsored by the Commission on Private Philanthropy and Public Needs. Volume V: Regulation.
- Author
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Department of the Treasury, Washington, DC.
- Abstract
The report describes regulation of philanthropic organizations by federal, state, and self-regulatory groups within the organizations. It is the final volume in a five volume series examining the relationship between nonprofit institutions and their donors. Topics discussed in the first part of this volume are regulation of the philanthropic sector, accountability with respect to financial reporting, solicitation and fund raising, and lobbying activities. Detailed procedures and pending legislation are reviewed concerning federal and state regulations. Section two examines tax incentives, matching grant programs, and regulation of charities in foreign countries. Special emphasis is on Canada and Great Britain. Other countries reviewed are Australia, France, West Germany, Italy, Japan, and Sweden. (Author/AV)
- Published
- 1977
160. The Application of Behavior Analysis to the Development of Language in an Autistic Child. RIEEC Research Bulletin, Working Paper Series.
- Author
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Tokyo Gakugei Univ. (Japan). Research Inst. for the Education of Exceptional Children. and Yamaguchi, Kaoru
- Abstract
A 9-year-old autistic boy with language comprehension skills but minimal meaningful expressive language was exposed to a language training program. The program began with imitation of sounds and progressed to discrimination training, responding to his name, and partial verbalization. Positive reinforcement (including food and a revolving light) was supplied throughout the program. The S's spontaneous verbalizations to picture card stimuli increased dramatically during treatment, with additional evidence of improved verbal clarity. Difficulties with misbehavior and use of food reinforcement were noted. Training effects did not generalize to other settings. (CL)
- Published
- 1980
161. Wage Structures and Labor Turnover in the U.S. and in Japan. Occasional Paper No. 6.
- Author
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National Center on Education and Employment, New York, NY., Mincer, Jacob, and Higuchi, Yoshio
- Abstract
A study was conducted to test the proposition that intensive formation of human capital on the job is the basic reason for the strong degree of worker attachment to the firm in Japan. The greater emphasis on training and retraining, much of it specific to the firm, results also in steeper wage trajectories, because of growth of skills in the firm, according to this hypothesis. The study measured wage profiles and turnover in age groups, and it tested the inverse relation between the two on industry sectors in Japan and the United States. Numerical estimates of this relation led to the conclusion that as much as two-thirds of the differential in turnover between the two countries is explainable by the differences in the steepness of the profiles. The study determined that the emphasis on human capital formation on the job is so much greater in Japan than in the United States because such emphasis is conditioned by rapid economic growth. Using productivity growth indexes for industries in the United States and Japan confirms the hypothesis that rapid technical change that induces greater and continuous training is in part responsible for steeper profiles and for less turnover. The study concluded that differences in productivity growth between the United States and Japan account for up to 80 percent of the differences in the steepness of wage profiles, and indirectly for the differences in turnover. The hypothesis also holds up for Japanese plants in the United States, where the steeper tenure-wage slopes and lower turnover are much closer to Japan than to the United States. (Author/KC)
- Published
- 1988
162. Pretend Actions and Utterances in the Play of Thirty-Month-Olds. RIEEC Research Bulletin, RRB-21. Working Paper Series.
- Author
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Tokyo Gakugei Univ. (Japan). Research Inst. for the Education of Exceptional Children., Shimada, Shoko, and Sano, Ryogoro
- Abstract
With reference to Fenson's (1984) study of American children's pretend actions and utterances, this study examined the development of pretend actions and utterances in the play of 16 Japanese firstborn children. Subjects, whose cognitive and language development had been followed experimentally since the age of 6 months, were nonretarded 30-month-olds from middle class families. Videotapes were made of the children's spontaneous behavior with dolls and a stuffed toy, miniature toys, and junk materials. Pretend actions and utterances were grouped into the categories of decentration, decontextualization, and integration. Findings indicated that a majority of children reached the levels of active other-directed, substitutive, and multischeme expressions in both actions and utterances. However, it was suggested that the combination of modeling and feeding utensils would significantly increase the proportion of children showing inventive expressions. Developing skills such as active other-directed actions toward lifelike objects, substitutive actions for physical dissimilarity between the signifier and the signified, substitutive utterances other than naming, and inventive actions of object use were also interpreted to be facilitated by modeling. Since the roles of actions and utterances were not always the same in pretend play, it was suggested that further studies on multimodal aspects of pretend play are needed. (RH)
- Published
- 1984
163. Teaching and Research in International Law in Asia and the Pacific. Report of a Regional Consultation Meeting Including Nine Country Status Surveys (Seoul, Republic of Korea, October 10-13, 1984). Social and Human Sciences in Asia and the Pacific. RUSHSAP Series on Occasional Monographs and Papers, 11.
- Author
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United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Bangkok (Thailand). Regional Office for Education in Asia and the Pacific.
- Abstract
Information on teaching and research in international law for countries of the Asia-Pacific region is presented in proceedings of a 1984 conference sponsored by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. In addition to a regional overview, suggestions are offered for promoting regional cooperation in international law. Challenges in the teaching and study of international law, problems areas for students graduating in international law, and problems of the profession are considered. Status reports for nine countries on teaching and research in international law are provided by conference participants as follows: Australia (James Crawford), India (M. L. Upadhyaya), Indonesia (Komar Kantaatmadja), Japan (Onuma Yasuaki), Republic of Korea (Chi Young Pak), Pakistan (M. A. Mannan), The Philippines (Adolfo S. Azcuna), Sri Lanka (A. R. B. Amerasinghe), and Thailand (Vitit Muntarbhorn). Appendices include: a conference program, list of participants and brief introductory conference addresses by Jae Hoon Choi, E. Hyock Kwon, Bong-shik Park, and Yogesh Atal. (SW)
- Published
- 1985
164. Empowering Schools and Teachers: A New Link to Jobs for the Non-College Bound. Background Paper No. 4.
- Author
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Rosenbaum, James E.
- Abstract
Many work-bound youths have poor work habits and poor basic skills in reading, writing, and mathematics. Many work-bound youths, especially minorities and females, spend their first years after school unemployed or job hopping, with consequent loss of training and productivity. These problems are becoming more serious because minorities and females are becoming an increasing portion of the labor force and the youth labor force is shrinking while demand is projected to increase. Achievement cannot be improved without student incentives and teacher authority. The school-work transition and employers' hiring practices undermine student incentives and teacher authority. Lacking authority, teachers make "bad bargains" with youths. Japan, West Germany, and Boston use alternative models. To improve the situation of noncollege-bound students, (1) employers should hire youths based on grades, test scores, and school recommendations; (2) employers must show youths how basic skills lead to desirable jobs; (3) employers must tell school counselors about job openings and hiring criteria, trust counselors' recommendations, and make hiring selections while youths are still in school; (4) schools must make grades meaningful to employers, especially recruiters and supervisors; (5) schools should rate students for "effort" and for "improved skills"; (6) teachers should write references for work-bound students, as they do for the college bound; (7) schools must make grades and teacher recommendations available to employers and make transcripts easily understood and compared; and (8) schools must restructure the general track to offer preparation for youths' future goals. (80 references) (CML)
- Published
- 1989
165. Establishment of a novel diagnostic test for Bovine leukaemia virus infection using direct filter PCR.
- Author
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El Daous, Hala, Mitoma, Shuya, Elhanafy, Eslam, Thi Nguyen, Huyen, Thi Mai, Ngan, Hara, Akihiro, Duangtathip, Karn, Takezaki, Yuka, Kaneko, Chiho, Norimine, Junzo, and Sekiguchi, Satoshi
- Subjects
VIRUS diseases ,DIAGNOSIS methods ,LEUKEMIA ,FILTER paper ,FILTERS & filtration - Abstract
Enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL) is a neoplastic disease of cattle caused by Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV). EBL causes great economic losses, so a fast and reliable diagnostic method is critical for understanding the status of BLV. This will allow us to control BLV infections efficiently and mitigate economic losses. In this study, we established a direct diagnostic test for BLV using dried blood‐spotted filter papers without sample pre‐treatment. The study was based on 159 clinical blood specimens collected in EDTA from one farm in Kyushu, Japan. The blood‐spotted filter papers were used as the template for direct filter PCR. When an ELISA was used as the diagnostic gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of the direct filter PCR were 90.1% and 97.5%, respectively. The kappa value for the direct filter PCR and real‐time PCR methods was 0.97. The dried blood samples spotted onto filter papers were stable for at least 10 days at room temperature, even when the samples were from cattle with a low BLV proviral load. Direct filter PCR is a rapid, easy, reliable and cost‐effective diagnostic test that directly detects the BLV proviral genome in clinical blood specimens without DNA extraction. Moreover, it simplifies the collection, transportation and storage procedures for clinical blood specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
166. Japan Defence White Paper 2021 - Key Highlights.
- Subjects
GOVERNMENT publications ,COASTAL surveillance - Published
- 2021
167. Formation processes of paper-thin raft and coated bubble: Calcium carbonate deposition at gas–water interface.
- Author
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Shiraishi, Fumito, Akimoto, Takayuki, Tomioka, Naotaka, Motai, Satoko, and Takahashi, Yoshio
- Subjects
- *
CALCIUM carbonate , *HOT springs , *WATER springs , *RAFTS , *HOT water , *CRYSTAL growth , *DISSOLVED air flotation (Water purification) - Abstract
Travertines are hot spring carbonate deposits that exhibit characteristic fabrics, including a paper-thin raft and a coated bubble formed by the calcification of water and bubble surfaces, respectively. A previous study interpreted that compared with the water surface, the bubble surface displays more active CO 2 degassing and resultant active CaCO 3 precipitation. However, considering the CO 2 partial pressure and the volumes of atmosphere and bubbles, it is possible that more active CO 2 degassing occurs on the water surface. In addition, the surfaces of water and bubbles at the travertine-depositing sites are negatively charged, but it is still unclear whether the CaCO 3 nucleation on these surfaces occurs via amorphous precursors, like the CaCO 3 nucleation on negatively charged organic matter. This study provides a solution to these uncertainties by examining the aragonitic travertines formed in the Nagayu area of Japan. Through field observations, two types of paper-thin rafts were recognized: one with a smooth surface and formed in approximately 1 h, and the other with a rough surface and formed in approximately 3 h. In addition, the bubbles generated on the microbial mat during the daytime were covered with white minerals within an hour, and with ivory-colored minerals over 8 h after sunset, forming firm coated bubbles. Microelectrode measurements revealed that the active CO 2 degassing on the water surface significantly increased the CaCO 3 saturation state to cause active CaCO 3 precipitation. In contrast, less active CO 2 degassing on the bubble surface did not increase the saturation state, and moderate CaCO 3 precipitation occurred due to the moderately high saturation state of the hot spring water. Various microscopic observations revealed that the smooth-surfaced paper-thin raft comprises a micritic layer of approximately 10–20 μm, which represents tightly arranged submicron-sized granular aragonite. At the lower surface of this layer, hemispherical aragonite partially grew toward the hot spring water. In addition, the rough-surfaced paper-thin raft and coated bubble comprise bundled and acicular aragonites arranged along the surfaces of water and bubble, from which hemispherical aragonite grew toward the hot spring water. Neither the paper-thin raft nor the coated bubble contains primary amorphous CaCO 3. These results suggest that the smooth-surfaced paper-thin raft is formed by active CaCO 3 nucleation on the water surface and subsequent crystal growth, and that the water surface is unfavorable for preserving the amorphous precursors potentially involved in the nucleation. The rough-surfaced paper-thin raft and the coated bubble could have been formed by the attachment of externally formed acicular aragonite to the water/bubble surface and subsequent crystal growth. The revealed formation processes of the paper-thin raft and coated bubble provide valuable information for interpreting their formation mechanism in other travertine deposits, including those in the geological past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
168. Mission Statements of Japanese Civil Society Organizations Supporting International Students in the Kansai Area: Critical Discourse Analysis
- Author
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Ivanova, Polina
- Abstract
This study is applying critical discourse analysis (CDA) to mission statements of civil society organizations (CSOs) in the Kansai area of Japan to examine how those texts may be reflecting their views on migration and impacting their practices related to international students. The analysis shows similarities across CSO types in choosing organizational names, using vague and bureaucratic vocabulary for formulating their mission statements, as well as confusing and contradictory style of some statements and event announcements that may be misleading or discouraging for potential members. At the same time, diversity of vocabulary referring to their target audience demonstrates shifting perspectives of CSOs on international students and more generally, on foreigners living in Japan.
- Published
- 2021
169. Foreign Students in Japan. NIER Occasional Paper 03/90.
- Author
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National Inst. for Educational Research, Tokyo (Japan). and Yamamoto, Kiyoshi
- Abstract
As Japan takes a place as one of the world's technologically and economically advanced nations, the number of foreign students seeking to study in Japan has increased rapidly, as has the number of foreigners expressing interest in studying Japanese culture and the Japanese language. The Japanese government's program of international student exchange is still in a developmental stage and is rapidly changing in size and quality. Japan is at an important crossroads as it attempts to establish a system of foreign exchange study that will meet its goals. This paper discusses the current status of foreign student programs in Japan. The following nine areas are examined: (1) selection of university; (2) immigration and residential qualifications; (3) Japanese language study and pre-college education; (4) application and selection procedures; (5) scholarships; (6) tuition, fees, and exemption programs; (7) housing and medical care; (8) jobs and community relations; and (9) after-service for former students. Of particular note are the differences in the status and opportunities afforded to government-scholarship and non-scholarship students. Tables and figures are included. (DB)
- Published
- 1990
170. Teijin Cordley, WR Supply lead 'Japan's first' artificial leather recycling scheme.
- Author
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Ndure, Isatou
- Subjects
ARTIFICIAL leather - Published
- 2023
171. The Technology of Technology Transfer. The Case of the Japan-Singapore Technical Institute. Discussion Paper No. 93.
- Author
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International Labour Office, Geneva (Switzerland)., Araujo e Oliveira, Joao Batista, and Pillay, Gerald F.
- Abstract
The new economic and industrial policies of the 1980s called for a major restructuring of the industrial profile of Singapore. The government decided to set up three new technical institutes to prepare and supply skilled workers to new investors: French-, German-, and Japan-Singapore Technical Institutes with the collaboration of the government and industries in the respective countries. The technology to be transferred was that of running technical training institutes. The Japan-Singapore Technical Institute (JSTI) was created to provide skilled workers for operation and maintenance jobs. A few critical characteristics of the institutional arrangements were institutional training; educated, experienced staff; and freedom to organize training around workplace needs. Other characteristics of the Japanese style emerged: total immersion in the work and managerial style. Five years after its start, JSTI realized the need for more technical education and less skills training. The addition of a mechatronics course reflected the distinctive characteristics of the institution and the Japanese influence during the development phase. Results included the following: most students received scholarships and were bonded for 3 years after graduation; curriculum changes included offering a higher order certificate and moving into research and development activities; and JSTI was not only a training institute, but also helped promote and sustain Singapore's technological development. (YLB)
- Published
- 1992
172. Minimally invasive technique for non-vital tooth bleaching using traditional Japanese paper.
- Author
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Jurado CA, Tsujimoto A, Villalobos-Tinoco J, Watanabe H, Takamizawa T, and Miyazaki M
- Subjects
- Bicuspid, Humans, Hydrogen Peroxide, Japan, Tooth Bleaching, Tooth Discoloration, Tooth, Nonvital
- Abstract
The purpose of this case report is to describe a minimally invasive technique for non-vital tooth bleaching using traditional Japanese paper, known as washi. Non-vital tooth bleaching with a mixture of sodium perborate and 30% hydrogen peroxide rolled in Japanese paper for a traumatically injured tooth, and in-office vital-tooth bleaching for the upper front six teeth and first premolars, were performed. Five-year follow-up showed satisfactory stability in the bleaching effects and did not show any problems in the traumatically injured tooth. The use of Japanese paper for non-vital tooth bleaching may minimize damage to discolored non-vital teeth.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
173. Nurses' health beliefs about paper face masks in Japan, Australia and China: a qualitative descriptive study.
- Author
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Omura M, Stone TE, Petrini MA, and Cao R
- Subjects
- Attitude of Health Personnel, Australia, COVID-19, China, Coronavirus Infections epidemiology, Coronavirus Infections nursing, Female, Humans, Japan, Male, Pneumonia, Viral epidemiology, Pneumonia, Viral nursing, Qualitative Research, SARS-CoV-2, Betacoronavirus, Coronavirus Infections prevention & control, Infection Control instrumentation, Masks statistics & numerical data, Nursing Staff psychology, Pandemics prevention & control, Pneumonia, Viral prevention & control
- Abstract
Aim: To explore the health beliefs of clinical and academic nurses from Japan, Australia and China regarding wearing paper masks to protect themselves and others, and to identify differences in participants' health beliefs regarding masks., Background: The correct use of face masks and consensus among health professionals across the globe is essential for containing pandemics, and nurses need to act according to policy to protect themselves, educate the public and preserve resources for frontline health workers. Paper masks are worn by health professionals and the general public to avoid the transmission of respiratory infections, such as COVID-19, but there appear to be differences in health beliefs of nurses within and between countries regarding these., Methods: This qualitative descriptive study used content analysis with a framework approach., Findings: There were major differences in nurse participants' beliefs between and within countries, including how nurses use paper masks and their understanding of their efficacy. In addition, there were cultural differences in the way that nurses use masks in their daily lives and nursing practice contexts., Conclusion: Nurses from different working environments, countries and areas of practice hold a variety of health beliefs about mask wearing at the personal and professional level., Implications for Nursing Policy and Health Policy: The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked much discussion about the critical importance of masks for the safety of health professionals, and there has been considerable discussion and disagreement about health policies regarding mask use by the general public. Improper use of masks may have a role in creating mask shortages or transmitting infections. An evidence-based global policy on mask use for respiratory illnesses for health professionals, including nurses, and the general public needs to be adopted and supported by a wide-reaching education campaign., (© 2020 International Council of Nurses.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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174. An event study on the concealment of the blending ratio of waste paper
- Author
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Yamaguchi, Keiko
- Subjects
- *
PAPER industry , *MIXING , *WASTE paper , *PULPWOOD , *SECRECY , *STOCK prices , *ECONOMIC history - Abstract
We conducted an event study on the concealment of the blending ratio of waste paper with virgin pulp in Japan. By investigating 10 companies in the paper industry between May 30, 2007 and January 18, 2008, we clearly show that stock prices of the relevant companies were affected by the news on the concealment of the blending ratio of waste paper. In addition, the impact of the second event was found to be greater than that of the first event. Therefore, the concealment of major companies negatively affects the stock prices of non-major companies, which did not conceal information during this period. Thus, bad news is negatively assessed by the market, and this influence has spread in the paper industry in general. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
175. Call for Papers-Journal of Epidemiology Reprints of Pioneering Papers Series: Spotlighting Little-Known Non-English Language Research Papers From Japan and Around the World.
- Author
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Kondo N
- Subjects
- Global Health, Humans, Japan epidemiology, Language, Epidemiology, Periodicals as Topic, Publishing
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
176. Efficient preparation of carbon papers by pyrolysis of iodine-treated Japanese paper
- Author
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Kyotani, Mutsumasa, Matsushita, Satoshi, Kimura, Shin-ichi, and Akagi, Kazuo
- Subjects
- *
PYROLYSIS , *IODINE , *JAPANESE paper , *CARBON paper , *MICROFIBERS , *CELLULOSE fibers , *X-ray diffraction , *TEMPERATURE effect , *HEAT treatment - Abstract
Abstract: A novel carbon paper has been prepared by pyrolysis from traditional Japanese paper called washi in Japan, which is mainly composed of cellulose microfibers. The washi was iodine-treated before pyrolysis. The effect of iodine-treatment on pyrolysis of the washi was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis. The structural and electrical properties of the carbon papers were also investigated using Raman scattering, X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and resistivity measurements. The iodine-treatment prevents cellulose from thermally decomposing and is effective in increasing the carbon yield and retaining its fibrillar structure. Porous carbon papers consisting of many micro and nanofibrils were prepared by the pyrolysis of the iodine-treated washi at 800°C. Those prepared at 800°C and then heat-treated at higher temperatures than 1800°C show electrical conductivities of 3Scm−1 and 24–27Scm−1. The degree of crystallinity and the electrical conductivity of the papers are improved by the heat treatment at higher temperatures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
177. An analysis of retractions in neurosurgery and allied clinical and basic science specialties.
- Author
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Madhugiri, Venkatesh S., Nagella, Amrutha Bindu, and Uppar, Alok Mohan
- Subjects
NEUROSURGERY ,CITATION analysis ,SEARCH engines ,TEXT files ,PLAGIARISM - Abstract
Background: As the volume of scientific publications increases, the rate of retraction of published papers is also likely to increase. In the present study, we report the characteristics of retracted papers from clinical neurosurgery and allied clinical and basic science specialties. Methods: Retracted papers were identified using two separate search strategies on PubMed. Attributes of the retracted papers were collected from PubMed and the Retraction Watch database. The reasons for retraction were analyzed. The factors that correlated with time to retraction were identified. Detailed citation analysis for the retracted papers was performed. The retraction rates for neurosurgery journals were computed. Results: A total of 191 retractions were identified; 55% pertained to clinical neurosurgery. The most common reasons for retraction were plagiarism, duplication, and compromised peer review. The countries associated with the highest number of retractions were China, USA, and Japan. The full text of the retraction notice was not available for 11% of the papers. A median of 50% of all citations received by the papers occurred after retraction. The factors that correlated with a longer time to retraction included basic science category, the number of collaborating departments, and the H-index of the journal. The overall rate of retractions in neurosurgery journals was 0.037%. Conclusions: The retraction notice needs to be freely available on all search engines. Plagiarism checks and reference checks prior to publication of papers (to ensure no retracted papers have been cited) must be mandatory. Mandatory data deposition would help overcome issues with data and results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
178. Early Childhood Education in Japan. NIER Occasional Paper 01/90.
- Author
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National Inst. for Educational Research, Tokyo (Japan)., Tabu, Mikiko, and Aoki, Hisako
- Abstract
Early childhood education in Japan is reviewed, and education in kindergarten classrooms and day nurseries is described. Activities during a typical day at kindergarten and at day nursery are profiled. An overview of the history of preschool education begins with the time when kindergartens were places for the children of the rich and day nurseries were places for the children of the poor, and neither institution had direct links to later education. The overview then moves through subsequent history to reach the time when, in 1981, over 90 percent of the nation's children were enrolled in either kindergarten or day nursery. Finally, the present situation of early childhood education in Japan is described and related areas of concern are discussed. An appendix contrasts kindergartens and day nurseries in terms of general aspects, the administrative system, program implementation, the contents of education and care, and the training of kindergarten teachers and nursery nurses. Relevant laws and regulations are indicated. (RH)
- Published
- 1990
179. A disposable patient identification card made of a paper.
- Author
-
Akazawa K, Shimada M, Hayashi Y, Watanabe Y, Higashi H, Moriguchi S, Fujisawa K, and Nose Y
- Subjects
- Ambulatory Care Information Systems, Disposable Equipment, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Japan, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, Outpatient Clinics, Hospital organization & administration, Paper, Patient Identification Systems
- Abstract
This paper describes a patient identification system with a disposable paper card. In general, total costs of cards themselves, equipments and personnel are remarkable, not negligible for the hospital management. Therefore, a disposable identification cards made of a paper were issued to out-patients in our hospital. Many order forms were integrated into only one sheet. Patient identification data were printed on this sheet by a computer system when a patient came to the reception desk, and quickly transmitted to physicians. We could save the hospital costs and printing works by physicians, and also shorten the waiting time of patients at reception desks.
- Published
- 1990
180. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Bladder Cancer 2019 edition by the Japanese Urological Association: Revision working position paper.
- Author
-
Matsumoto H, Shiraishi K, Azuma H, Inoue K, Uemura H, Eto M, Ohyama C, Ogawa O, Kikuchi E, Kitamura H, Shinohara N, Takahashi S, Tsuzuki T, Nakagawa M, Narumi Y, Nishiyama H, Habuchi T, Hinotsu S, Fujii Y, Fujimoto K, Fujimoto H, Mizowaki T, and Matsuyama H
- Subjects
- Cystectomy, Humans, Japan, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms surgery, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms therapy
- Abstract
The Clinical Practice Guidelines for Bladder Cancer edited by the Japanese Urological Association were first published in 2009 and a revised edition was released in 2015. Four years has passed since the 2015 edition, and the clinical practice environment surrounding bladder cancer has drastically changed during that time. The main changes include: (i) insurance coverage of a new diagnostic method for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer; (ii) insurance coverage of an immune checkpoint inhibitor in advanced and metastatic bladder cancer; and (iii) advances in robot-assisted radical cystectomy as a minimally invasive treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. A paradigm shift in bladder cancer diagnosis and treatment is occurring day by day. Therefore, in this 2019 edition, while dealing with the above changes, we carefully selected clinical questions with clear evidence and included other clinically important points in the general statement. We also added a new chapter on rare cancers of the urinary tract. As a new method for the evaluation of study evidence level, we introduce "The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation" system modified to Japanese by the Medical Information Network Distribution Service., (© 2020 The Japanese Urological Association.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
181. Follow the Vertical and Horizontal View: after Reading the Papers Written by Prof. Kosoto and Prof. Endo.
- Author
-
LIAO Yuqun
- Subjects
TRADITIONAL medicine ,HERBAL medicine ,MEDICAL schools ,MEDICINE ,HISTORY of medicine - Abstract
The article discusses the papers by Professors Kosoto and Endō on the development of a number of important schools in Japanese "Kanpō" which is traditional Japanese medicine from ancient China. It describes relationship between different schools of medicine in Japan and between eastern and western medical arts on their development point to a common Japanese thinking. The importance of obtaining necessary foundation for understanding the papers is also included.
- Published
- 2012
182. Current educational technology research trends in Japan.
- Author
-
Nakayama, Minoru and Ueno, Maomi
- Subjects
EDUCATIONAL technology research ,TRENDS ,RESEARCH evaluation ,THEORY-practice relationship ,EDUCATION associations - Abstract
To examine trends in educational practice research, this article conducted a survey and analysis of factors affecting the review of research papers in the field of the educational technology in Japan. Two factors, namely, practical orientation and theoretical orientation, were extracted from 63 survey responses, and scores from members of a Japanese academic society were compared with the scores of its editorial board. Results show that the two factor scores were not correlated to each other, and they are independent measures for any evaluation or review of research articles. Also, there was no significant difference between society members and editorial board members, i.e., their preferences when reviewing research papers were identical. For the second part of this study, a group composed of anonymous members of an editorial board conducted a paper review of 12 published “practical papers” and 11 published “general papers.” Results indicated that there was no significant difference between the two categories. The final rating scores of these 23 papers were analyzed using a decision-tree rating model. Results also indicated that for publication, papers need to contribute to theoretical research, in addition to contributing to basic educational practice research in educational technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
183. Abstracts of the Papers Published in Journal of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences (Vol. 71, No. 2, Apr. 2023).
- Subjects
- *
SPACE sciences , *PERIODICAL publishing , *ELECTRONIC journals - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
184. Matsuyama University's Statistical Studies (Using Annual Paid Vacation Research as the Basis for Student Development) through the Use of a Student's Graduation Thesis Results
- Author
-
Igusa, Go
- Abstract
This publication seeks to consider statistics education in Japan while referencing a student paper. The paper to be considered is as follows: "Gakusei no Koudou ga Gakusei Seikatsu Manzokudo ni Ataeru Eikyou" (The Influence of Student Behavior on the Degree of Satisfaction Perceived in Student Life).
- Published
- 2018
185. SWOT Analysis.
- Subjects
PAPERBOARD industry ,PAPER industry ,BUSINESS planning ,STRATEGIC alliances (Business) ,PRINTING industry - Abstract
A business analysis of Hokuetsu Paper Mills, a paperboard producer in Japan, focusing on its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities for improvement and threats to the company. Strengths include stable top line growth. Weaknesses include overdependence on Japanese market. Opportunities for improvement include an alliance with Nippon Paper. Threats to the company include the maturing printing industry in Japan.
- Published
- 2007
186. Measurement of equivalence between the web and paper versions of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Hip Disease Evaluation Questionnaire.
- Author
-
Takegami Y, Seki T, Higuchi Y, Osawa Y, and Ishiguro N
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Internet, Japan, Male, Middle Aged, Orthopedics organization & administration, Orthopedics standards, Patient Reported Outcome Measures, Reproducibility of Results, Societies, Medical, Osteoarthritis, Hip pathology, Surveys and Questionnaires standards
- Abstract
Objectives: Digitised patient-reported outcome may be beneficial for physicians and patients. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association Hip Disease Evaluation Questionnaire (JHEQ) can only be completed with paper and pencil (pJHEQ). We newly developed a web version of the JHEQ (wJHEQ). This study aimed to determine whether the scores obtained with the wJHEQ are equivalent to those from the pJHEQ, how much the wJHEQ would decrease missing answers, and which JHEQ the participants preferred to use. Methods: To measure equivalence between the pJHEQ and wJHEQ, we evaluated the mean score difference for each subscale (pain, movement, mental) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS; satisfaction, right hip pain, left hip pain) and then assessed the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) between the two scores. ICC values ≥0.75 were defined as excellent agreement. We used Bland-Altman analysis to assess level of agreement between the values of the two questionnaires. We compared the number of incomplete forms and amount of missing data between the two questionnaires. We investigated ease of use by asking the participants which format was easier to use. Results: This study comprised 113 patients (mean age 58.1 years, 81% female) with hip disease. Mean score differences for each subscale between the wJHEQ and pJHEQ were not significantly different. The values of ICC for each subscale and each VAS were all >0.75. All 113 participants completed the wJHEQ questionnaire, whereas nine patients did not complete the pJHEQ form. There was a significant statistical difference between the completion rate of the wJHEQ and that of the pJHEQ ( p = .0017). Fifty-seven participants (55%) preferred the wJHEQ, whereas 33 participants (32%) preferred the pJHEQ. Conclusion: The wJHEQ was found to be equivalent to the original pJHEQ. The wJHEQ significantly decreased the numbers of missing answers and incomplete forms. The participants felt ease of use was nearly equivalent. The wJHEQ might help facilitate more complete assessments in clinical trials and research.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
187. A cultural approach to recovery assistance following urban disasters [1] Section “The Kobe earthquake and the term ‘civil society’ as a watchword” of this paper was written by the second author, while the latter part was ...
- Author
-
Nakagawa, Shin and Suwa, Koichi
- Subjects
DISASTER relief ,KOBE Earthquake, Japan, 1995 ,YOGYAKARTA Earthquake, Indonesia, 2006 ,CIVIL society - Abstract
Abstract: Using the Kobe earthquake of 1995 and the Mid-Java earthquake of 2006 as case studies, this paper discusses the process of providing cultural recovery assistance; it also analyses the term ‘civil society’, a term that reflects efforts to make assistance activities sustainable. The Kobe earthquake should be seen as a point of departure for citizen activism by volunteers; because of it, cultural recovery support was vigorously provided. Since people influenced by those support efforts later became involved in providing Mid-Java earthquake recovery assistance, both earthquake recovery support initiatives can be seen as part of an ongoing chain of events. In analysing the Kobe earthquake, it becomes clear that while there are many semantic meanings for and usages of the term ‘civil society’, it was incorporated into policy guidelines for recovery during a period of low economic growth, and a new civil society was envisioned in this period of social transformation. Organisations participating in assistance efforts following the Mid-Java earthquake sought to make ‘civil society’ a reality; this continued after the earthquake recovery was complete, and it comprised an attempt to build the connections within a civil society by looking to overcome many persistent social problems. The power of communication that ‘culture’ holds plays a large role in this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
188. Participation of nurses and care workers in the decision-making process for people with dementia in Japan: Discussion paper.
- Author
-
Miyanaga R and Poudyal H
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Japan, Male, Patient-Centered Care, Decision Making, Dementia psychology, Health Personnel psychology, Nursing Staff psychology
- Abstract
Numerous socio-legal factors make the process of surrogate decision-making for people living in dementia very complicated in Japan. In this discussion paper, we argue that the lack of early consultation between patients, surrogate decision-makers and healthcare providers and the overreliance of patients and their families on doctors to assume the decision-making role lead to healthcare practices that may not align with the patient's wishes. Further, we argue that lack of laws on surrogate decision-making, changing family structure and the liabilities associated with the care of people living with dementia contribute to the complexity of the decision-making process in Japan. Finally, given the rapidly changing social and healthcare norms in Japan, we call for greater involvement of nurses and care workers in the decision-making process to ensure patient-centric treatment and care are adopted., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
189. The people behind the papers - Masanori Abe and Reiko Kuroda.
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Genetically Modified embryology, Animals, Genetically Modified metabolism, Body Patterning genetics, Japan, Mollusca embryology, Mollusca metabolism, Body Patterning physiology
- Abstract
One of the most obvious examples of left-right asymmetry in animal bodies comes from snails: in most species or strains, the shells coil dextrally, but some coil sinistrally. The control of coiling is genetic and begins in the early embryo. Previous work has implicated the formin diaphanous in the regulation of snail shell chirality, and a new paper in Development now decisively proves its involvement, thanks to the first application of CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockouts in molluscs. We caught up with the author team behind the paper: Masanori Abe and his supervisor Reiko Kuroda, Professor at Chubu University in Japan (recently moved from Tokyo University of Science), to find out more., (© 2019. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
190. Paper, electronic or online? Different dictionaries for different activities.
- Author
-
Pasfield-Neofitou, Sarah
- Subjects
ENCYCLOPEDIAS & dictionaries ,FOREIGN language education ,LANGUAGE & education ,ELECTRONIC encyclopedias ,REFERENCE sources ,STUDENTS - Abstract
Despite research suggesting that teachers highly influence their students' knowledge and use of language learning resources such as dictionaries (Loucky, 2005; Yamane, 2006), it appears that dictionary selection and use is considered something to be dealt with outside the classroom. As a result, many students receive too little advice to be able to make informed choices about which dictionary to use for which task. In particular, while teachers may recommend a few paper dictionaries, it appears that little thought is given to electronic and online alternatives. This article uses the case of (English) alphabet-background students of Japanese as an example, and discusses the pros and cons of computer versus non-computer dictionary tools, based on a survey of available resources, and making reference to empirical case studies of students and their dictionary use. The article concludes with recommendations for teachers and students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
191. Reproductivity of early males of the temperate paper wasp Polistes rothneyi iwatai.
- Author
-
YAMASAKI, Kazuhisa, TAKAHASHI, Jun-ichi, ONO, Masato, and TSUCHIDA, Koji
- Subjects
- *
POLISTES , *PAPER wasps , *ANIMAL infertility , *ANIMAL sexual behavior , *HAPLOIDY , *ENTOMOLOGY , *REPRODUCTION - Abstract
In Polistes paper wasps, haploid early males can mate with early emerging females and leave viable offspring. In contrast, diploid early males are eventually sterile because they contribute triploid offspring via diploid sperm. Clarifying the ploidy of early males is important for determining whether early male production is a reproductive strategy for the species. We examined the mating behavior and the ploidy of early males in the Japanese paper wasp, Polistes rothneyi iwatai van der Vecht. Thirteen early males from four colonies were all diploid. Two of the nine early males (22.2%) attempted to mate with females, but only one individual (11.1%) was successful (the female's spermatheca contained spermatozoa). These results suggest that although most early males of P. rothneyi iwatai do not produce offspring, their mating may be linked to the occasional production of triploid females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
192. Cross-sectional survey of diabetic neuropathy in Kanagawa and clinical significance of a touch test using tissue paper.
- Author
-
Jin, Yasuyuki, Kanamori, Akira, Ito, Shogo, Matoba, Kiyokazu, Miyakawa, Masaaki, Kaneshige, Hideaki, Obana, Mitsuo, Takai, Masahiko, Takeda, Hiroshi, Machimura, Hideo, Minami, Nobuaki, Kawata, Takahiro, Honda, Shin, Aoyagi, Sachio, Amemiya, Hikaru, Sasai, Nobuo, Nakayama, Michio, Naka, Yoshikazu, Terauchi, Yasuo, and Matsuba, Ikuro
- Subjects
DIABETIC neuropathies ,TYPE 2 diabetes ,TISSUE paper ,PEOPLE with diabetes ,DISEASE prevalence - Abstract
Aims/Introduction: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing rapidly in Japan, and diabetic neuropathy is a major factor decreasing diabetic patients' quality of life, as well as a risk factor for sudden death. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of diabetic neuropathy and raise awareness about it among patients and their physicians. Materials and Methods: Diabetic outpatients ( N = 5077) at 249 medical institutions within Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, were surveyed by questionnaire and underwent foot examinations. The questionnaire included 10 questions about sensory abnormalities of both feet, muscle cramps and autonomic symptoms. Foot examinations included testing for vibratory perception of the medial malleolus, Achilles tendon reflexes and touch sensation of the bottom of the great toe using tissue paper. Results: Of the 5077 patients surveyed, 70.4% reported symptoms. Overall, 75.4% of the patients underwent vibratory perception testing, of whom 44.9% had abnormal thresholds (≤10 s). On the tissue paper touch test, performed in 94.6% of patients, 11.9% had no touch sensation. Of the 2803 type 2 diabetic patients with known background factors who underwent foot examinations, 49.4% had diabetic neuropathy. There was a high prevalence of diabetic neuropathy (36.1%) in patients with <5-year history. Of the patients with no touch sensation on the tissue paper test, 81.3% had diabetic neuropathy. Conclusions: The present study identified the prevalence of diabetic neuropathy in Kanagawa Prefecture. The tissue paper test is a simple and excellent method of evaluating decreased superficial sensation that can help evaluate the severity of diabetic neuropathy. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2011.00174.x, 2011) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
193. Characteristics of gas from the fluidized bed gasification of refuse paper and plastic fuel (RPF) and wood biomass.
- Author
-
Win MM, Asari M, Hayakawa R, Hosoda H, Yano J, and Sakai SI
- Subjects
- Biomass, Gases, Japan, Plastics, Wood
- Abstract
Energy recovery from small and medium scale waste thermal treatment facilities in the municipalities of Japan is challenging, owing to low power generation efficiency and high economic demands. Gas Engine (GE) generation is considered an efficient resource utilization method in these facilities. In this study, new and consistent feedstock, Refuse Paper and Plastic Fuel (RPF), and wood pellets were tested in an air-blown Fluidized Bed Gasifier (FBG) for syngas utilization in a GE. With temperatures ranging from 700 to 940 °C and varying Equivalence Ratios (ER) of 0.3-0.5, some of the most important product gas characteristics were analyzed, including the Lower Heating Value (LHV) and tar concentration levels. Gas composition results revealed that the concentration tendencies varied for the product gases CO, H
2 , and hydrocarbons, depending on the feedstock type, whereas the same tendencies were observed for CH4 and tar concentrations. Through the ER range, the LHV of product gas for RPF and wood pellets was 3.4-5.9 MJ/Nm3 . Tar concentrations decreased to 2.5-14.0 g/Nm3 -dry as the ER was raised. The optimal ER for LHV performance in GE generation was approximately 0.4 for RPF and wood pellets, and remaining tar concentrations were about 5.0 g/Nm3 -dry at the gasifier exit., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
194. Re-envisioning Design Foundation Exercises: Folding Origami Tessellations to Incorporate the Exploration of Behavior and Interaction.
- Author
-
Feil, Magnus
- Subjects
ORIGAMI ,PAPER arts ,COMPARATIVE grammar ,GRIDS (Cartography) - Abstract
Origami, the art of paper folding in Japan, is a transformative process. Tessellations are defined by Merriam- Webster as the "covering of an infinite geometric plane without gaps or overlaps by congruent plane figures of one type or a few types." A strategic array of repeating and/or combining a set of specific folds, known as motifs or molecules, will yield Origami Tessellation patterns. No paper is added or eliminated during the construction process. The purpose of this exercise is to challenge students with the highly engaging task of applying a defined set of rules to a plain square of paper. In order to do so, strategies need to be explored for the best combination the individual folds on an underlying grid system into a system of corresponding molecules. The synchronized folds of such an array will create the desired geometric tessellation patterns. In essence, the process of folding complex origami tessellations bears strong similarities to the complex methods designers are taught to pursue in order to solve multifaceted problems in the field of product design, product interactions, and design for emergent behaviors. While past generations of designers approached challenges predominantly from a singular, product-centric fashion, the increasing complexity of everyday artifacts has changed the paradigm and now calls for a much broader sensitivity of designing. The act of folding is itself strongly guided by both the designer's mind and skillset. The execution of complex tessellation folds teaches designers to concentrate on the given task from beginning to end, as it is essential to stay focused along the way and work with uttermost precision. Synonymous to problem-solving during a design process, the act of folding tessellations leads to the discovery of opportunities which necessitate the development of strategies for merging individual elements/ideas into a bigger, coherent picture. The rules become the grammar; the individual folds become the words, and the interaction between the two forms a dialogue. Folding origami tessellations is (purposeful) poetry. Within a short amount of time, students are able to create visually stunning results and develop an awareness of the parameters involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
195. IJBSCHS Publications Analysis from 2017 to 2021.
- Author
-
Lili MA and Yan SHI
- Subjects
IMAGE processing ,DATABASES ,DATA analysis ,SOFT computing - Abstract
This study aims to show an analysis of IJBSCHS publications from the perspective of publication number, author distribution, and research topics from 2017 to 2021. It shows that publication number in each issue is stable with 4 to 5 papers, that the papers with authors outside of Japan account for about 26% and papers with international collaboration account for 15%, and that research topics are focused on recognition, data analysis, image processing, welfare instrument, and biometrics. In 2018 and 2019, we tried applying inclusion in Scopus database. Unfortunately, the result is not positive. After an overview of what is happening in the journal in the past 5 years and comparing it with another international journal of IJICIC, this study finds the major challenge in the future for IJBSCHS is to get registered in some leading indexes like Scopus to increase its visibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
196. Research on Private Equity: A Bibliometric Analysis.
- Author
-
Sachin, Singh, Shakti, and Kumar, Sanjiv
- Subjects
BIBLIOMETRICS ,PRIVATE equity ,DEVELOPED countries ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
The paper presents a bibliometric analysis of research on Private Equity (PE) and identifies the key contributors, major countries and institutions, and scope for further research. It uses scientific mapping strategy to meet its goals and employs R studio to extract pertinent data. Scopus and Web of Science—two popular databases—were used to extract the data. The study examines 1698 publications from business, management, finance and econometrics journals. The data are analyzed using descriptive statistics. The status of research on PE is represented through graphical and tabular analysis. Since PE first gained popularity in developed nations like US, UK and Japan, these countries boast a majority of studies on the subject. The PE concept is still relatively new in emerging countries, and there is still opportunity for more research. Future research should focus on issues like investment, venture and market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
197. Life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of e-books vs. paper books: A Japanese case study.
- Author
-
Tahara, Kiyotaka, Shimizu, Hirokazu, Nakazawa, Katsuhito, Nakamura, Hiroyuki, and Yamagishi, Ken
- Subjects
- *
GREENHOUSE gas mitigation , *ELECTRONIC books , *SMARTPHONES , *CARBON dioxide mitigation , *CONSUMER behavior - Abstract
The increasing presence of e-books (electronic books) has become a major focus in countries around the world. In the United States, e-books represented 28% of the total book sales for 2012. In Japan, the conversion from paper books to e-books is expected to accelerate by the prevalent use of smartphones and tablet PCs. It is therefore important to quantitatively evaluate the environmental load of paper books and e-books for a sustainable society. In this study, paper books are compared to e-books read on different electronic devices (e-ink tablets, tablets, cell phones, smartphones, laptop computers, desktop computers and portable music players) through a case study on a 224-page book. The study is based on key primary data such as use time and reading speed for each device and aims to minimize assumptions made in other studies. GHG emissions for paper books are 1.24 kg-CO 2 e/book, and are reduced to 1.11 kg-CO 2 e/book when the effect of paper recycling is taken into consideration. The results for e-books under average use-time conditions range from 0.25 to 0.91 kg-CO 2 e/book with the e-ink tablet having the lowest emissions. When the average use time of each e-book device is applied, the paper book has a higher impact than all the e-books. However, sensitivity analysis shows that the impact of paper books can be lower than that of e-books for larger screen devices such as tablets, laptops and desktops when the reuse of books is considered or the e-book reading device is hardly used during its life cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
198. Toscotec Starts up New Tissue Machine at Marutomi's Ono Paper Mill.
- Subjects
PAPER mill equipment ,PAPERMAKING equipment ,BUSINESS partnerships ,PAPER industry - Published
- 2021
199. Soft, strong and long: The story of toilet paper.
- Author
-
Smyth, Richard
- Subjects
TOILET paper ,CORPORATE bonds ,WESTERN countries ,TECHNOLOGICAL obsolescence - Abstract
This article discusses the history of toilet paper, highlighting the controversy and skepticism surrounding its introduction in the 1850s. While Joseph C. Gayetty's Medicated Paper was the first commercial toilet paper in America, the Chinese had been using paper for this purpose since the 2nd century. The article also mentions the use of alternative materials such as sheep's wool, leaves, linen, and cloth in Western countries. Despite initial mockery from the medical establishment, toilet paper eventually gained popularity and spawned numerous copycat products. The article concludes by mentioning the modern advancements in toilet technology, such as the Washlet in Japan, which may potentially render traditional toilet paper obsolete. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
200. Paper mulberry: Broussonetia papyrifera.
- Subjects
PAPER mulberry ,TREES ,TAPA ,MEDICINAL plants ,ANIMAL feeds - Abstract
The article presents information on the paper mulberry tree or the Broussonetia papyrifera. Paper mulberry, a deciduous tree native to Japan and Taiwan, is known for its use in making tapa, a native bark cloth and papers. Other uses of the plant include medication, fuel and animal feeds. The process of making tapa cloth and Japanese tissue and paper are also given. Information on propagation is offered.
- Published
- 2007
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