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Olive breeding is an important method for improving of olive oil quality. In the early 1990's, a controlled cross breeding project was started on Turkish domestic olive cultivars by Bornova Olive Research Institute, Izmir. This study was carried out with a total of 11 hybrids and 2 parents and these oil samples were obtained from "Memecik" [5 samples (MG) + 1 parent (MEM)] and "Gemlik" [6 samples (GM) + 1 parent (GEM)] domestic olive cultivars grown under the same agronomic and pedoclimatic conditions. In this study, agronomic criteria (ripening index), some nutritional values (total phenolic contents, major fatty acids [palmitic, oleic, linoleic acid, linolenic acid] and their parameters (linoleic/linolenic ratio, quality index), and sensory properties (panel test) of olive (Memecik and Gemlik) hybrid oils were analyzed during 2005–2008 four harvest years. All results showed that 11 advanced domestic olive hybrids had different oil characteristics relative to the parents of hybrids based on nutritional and sensory profiles. The Pearson correlation coefficients and principal components factor loadings observed among chemical/sensory characteristics and fatty acid profile (GM 19, GM 39, MG 11, MG 5 and MG 123 promising hybrids) could be of interest in future olive breeding programs. Considering the main objectives of olive breeding project, the hybrids of GM 19 and MG 5 exhibited superior agronomic (maturation–regular yield), technological–nutritional (high total polyphenol content, balanced omega3/omega6 ratio), and sensorial (high pungent and bitter qualifications) features. The official registrations of these hybrids were carried out by Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "Izmir Reji Tobacco Factory" was first established in 1884 as a complex which demonstrates the industrial structures of the period and their working principles with classical spatial organization and construction system used within the buildings. The Complex is a unique industrial establishment, defined by 12 buildings in various sizes. The settlement is located in the Alsancak district of Izmir, very close to the Izmir Port, neighbouring the Alsancak Train Station and this situation grants the significance of the settlement. This paper aims to emphasize the protection of the industrial heritage structures through the periodization of architectural history of Izmir Reji Tobacco Factory as an important issue of the sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: There are more than 20 million Romani residents in many countries around the world. Due to social and economic reasons, many Romanies do not declare their ethnic origins; therefore, it is not possible to obtain any exact figures from official records. Romanies may have a preference of not defining themselves openly as “Romanies”. However, it is thought that they are distinguished from non-Romanies with their unique behavior and speech. Actually, physical features cannot be used as a definite distinctive feature in identifying Romanies. As a matter of fact, the first Romanies who had entered Europe were identified by their dark skin color and black hair, whereas today, it is possible to see Romanies with light skin and hair color. Romanies and music are often considered together; they have trained numerous accomplished musicians. Romanies are called by special local names in various countries and in various regions within these countries. The Romani people, Rom (singular), Roma (plural); sometimes Rrom, Rroma or Romanies are an ethnic group living in many communities all over the world. The Romanies are among the best known ethnic groups that appear in literature and folklore, and are often referred to as Gypsies or Gipsies, a term that is nowadays generally considered pejorative and is based on a mistaken belief of an origin in Egypt (http://www.answers.com/topic/romani-people). The dominant opinion in academic works is that Romani groups should be addressed in the way they define themselves. During the Ottoman Empire, Romanies were referred to as “Kıpti” (Kolukırık, 2005). Türk Toplumunda Çingene İmgesi ve Önyargısı, Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt 8, Sayı 2, 53 pp). In Turkey, Romanies are generally known as “Çingene” (Gypsies) among the public. Since the word “Roman” in Turkish means “novel”, the word “Çingene” is mostly stressed during speech. In this work sample, they sometimes wanted to be called “Roman” (Romanies) and sometimes “Çingene” (Gypsies). As their “Romani” awareness is intensified, they can be expected to show a stronger preference in how they are addressed. A total of 8–10 million Romanies are estimated to live in the member countries of the Council of Europe. For example, in Eastern Europe, there are approximately 2–2.5 million Romanies among the population of 22 million in Romania and 800,000 Romanies among 8 million in Bulgaria. The Romani history involves many great migrations or diasporas within the context of the fact that they would be killed when caught, as well as general laws unfavorable to Romanies which had been established during the 15th century. The main objective of the organisation is to encourage its members to take a comprehensive approach to Romani issues. This approach involves three main priorities: the protection of minorities, combating racism, and prevention of intolerance and social exclusion. This pre-research depends on the personal feelings of the Turkish Gypsies about social exclusion in general. İzmir Metropolitan Municipality Area is covered as research area. İzmir provincial population was 3,370,866 in 2000. The population of İzmir Metropolitan Municipality Area (nine sub-provincial areas) was 2,232,265 in the 2000s. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) phase II was designed to allow comparisons between populations in different countries and to investigate possible etiologic factors. This study was conducted to better delineate the prevalence and etiologic factors of asthma, rhinitis, and eczema in Izmir (Turkey) and to be included in the international comparisons by using a standard methodology of ISAAC phase II. The questionnaire was distributed to 2112 students in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th grades of 12 selected primary schools in urban and rural boroughs of Izmir. One thousand two hundred seventeen of these questionnaires were evaluated and physical examinations and skin-prick tests were performed on 1098 of these children. The prevalence values were 15.9% for recent wheezing and 4.8% for physician-diagnosed asthma. The prevalence of sneezing or runny or blocked nose in the past 12 months when the child did not have a cold or flu was 30%. The prevalence of physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis was 17%. The prevalence of an itchy rash that was coming and going for at least 6 months was 7.2% and the prevalence of physician-diagnosed eczema was 4.9%. Atopic sensitization prevalence in the population was 8.8% with house-dust mite sensitization being the most frequent one. Secretion rales and sibilant wheezing rhoncus were detected in 2.7% of children by chest auscultation. In 1.1% of children flexural dermatitis was detected. Objective tests are necessary for epidemiologic studies of the aforementioned diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Origanum, which includes many species and subspecies, is widespread in the whole Mediterranean area. In this study, Origanum onites individual plants collected from 18 different localities of three different cities of West Anatolia (Antalya, Izmir, and Mugla) were grown and some of their agronomic characters and essential oil contents were determined. The 75 Origanum onites lines selected from 1362 single plants were evaluated for plant height, herb yield, essential oil content, and oil components. The highest dry and fresh herb yields were obtained from the Antalya-Manavgat-Side clone and the highest essential oil content (4.1%) was found in the Mugla-Bodrum-Yalikavak clone. Six different chemotypes were identified in the lines. In general, carvacrol was the main component in the A clones; only one locality from Antalya-Kalkan had high linalool content as the main component of all clones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One can show the prevalence, the incidence, the course, and especially the results of a disease via epidemiologic studies, but comparison of the results of different investigations is important. This study was planned to determine the cumulative prevalence of allergic diseases in Izmir, the third largest city in Turkey. Many investigators have explored the prevalence of allergic disease and bronchial asthma in their countries. Various methods are used to find the correct prevalence. The safety, easiness, and usefulness of the questionnaire forms are very important.