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Background: The in vivo skin prick test (SPT) is widely considered less expensive than in vitro gamma-immunoglobulin E (IgE) determination in the diagnosis of allergy. The aim of the present paper is to evaluate the relevance of component-resolved in vitro diagnosis in comparison to extract-based diagnosis and the relative global costs in relation to clinical outcomes., Methods: For 50 individuals with suspected seasonal allergic rhinitis, we compared the costs of skin testing with those of specific IgE antibody measurement., Results: The costs were higher for in vitro than in vivo testing. However, the clinical information obtained using recombinant reagents allowed correct identification of the sensitizing molecule., Conclusions: Recombinant allergens for specific IgE in vitro measurement provide more reliable information for immunotherapy prescription. This should be translated into a significant reduction in the overall costs sustained by the healthcare system.