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Non‐perennial streams have a global prevalence, but quantitative knowledge of the temporal dynamics of their flowing length—namely the extent of the wet portion of the stream network—remains limited, as the monitoring of the spatiotemporal configuration of wet channels is challenging in most settings. This work combines the high spatial resolution of visual surveys and the high temporal resolution of camera‐based approaches to reconstruct the space‐time stream network dynamics in a 3.7 km2 Mediterranean catchment of central Italy. Information on the hydrological status of the stream network derived from 40 field surveys and sub‐hourly images collected with 21 stage‐cameras are combined exploiting the hierarchical principle. The latter postulates the existence of a Bayesian chain, defined from the local persistence of the nodes that dictates their wetting/drying order during expansion/retraction cycles of the flowing stream network. Our results highlight the complexity of network dynamics in the study area: while the number of wet nodes decreases during the dry season and increases during the wet season, the local persistency exhibits a highly heterogeneous non‐monotonic spatial pattern, originating a dynamically disconnected network. Despite this heterogeneity, the hierarchical model well approximates the temporal evolution of the state of the network nodes, with an accuracy that exceeds 99%. Crucially, the model allows the reconstruction of the wet portion even in cases in which part of the network was not observed. This work provides a novel conceptual approach for the reconstruction of the wet portion of the network in poorly accessible sites. Key Points: Field data on the hydrological status of the drainage network are collected via heterogeneous spatiotemporal resolution techniquesData are combined to reconstruct the long‐term active drainage network dynamics exploiting the hierarchical principleThe model reproduces the complexity of the non‐monotonic pattern of the wet portion of the network in the study site [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Italian workers, during the first period of the Covid-19 pandemic, experienced several phases of closure of the remotely transferable work activities, considered not essential. All these activities were transferred from workplaces to workers' homes due to the public health emergency. This study observes and analyses workers' spaces and times and their de-structuration during the lockdown of March-April 2020 in Italy. Seventy Participant-Generated Images "representative of work from home" were sent by workers and collected, using a web platform. The analysis shows that the experiences of working from home are strongly influenced by the space-time flexibility and that it is strictly intertwined with class and gender inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space-time (ST) multiexponential cell (MultiEXCELL), a ST correlated rainfall model oriented to the analysis of radio-propagation impairments (1 km × 1 km spatial resolution and 1-min temporal resolution), is presented. The model is developed on the basis of a comprehensive rain field database collected by the Spino d'Adda, Italy, weather radar. Rain cells are modeled using an exponentially shaped profile, whose main parameters evolve over time according to simple yet effective analytical expressions. The spatial correlation of the rain rate across the field is preserved by reproducing the natural aggregative process of single rain cells into larger clusters, while the temporal evolution of the rain field is achieved by combining the structural change of the rain cells and their displacement across the field, at the same time taking the realistic evolution of the fractional rainy area into account. When tested against local data, the time series generated by ST MultiEXCELL show to correctly reproduce the spatial and temporal correlation of the rain rate. These encouraging results suggest the use of ST MultiEXCELL as a comprehensive tool for the design and performance assessment of Earth-space and terrestrial millimeter-wave systems implementing advanced mitigation techniques relying on the uneven distribution of the rain rate in space and time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a recent work, we computed the relative frequencies with which strong shocks (4.0 ≤  M w < 5.0), widely felt by the population were followed in the same area by potentially destructive main shocks (M w ≥ 5.0) in Italy. Assuming the stationarity of the seismic release properties, such frequencies can be tentatively used to estimate the probabilities of potentially destructive shocks after the occurrence of future strong shocks. This allows us to set up an alarm-based forecasting hypothesis related to strong foreshocks occurrence. Such hypothesis is tested retrospectively on the data of a homogenized seismic catalogue of the Italian area against a purely random hypothesis that simply forecasts the target main shocks proportionally to the space–time fraction occupied by the alarms. We compute the latter fraction in two ways (i) as the ratio between the average time covered by the alarms in each area and the total duration of the forecasting experiment (60 yr) and (ii) as the same ratio but weighted by the past frequency of occurrence of earthquakes in each area. In both cases the overall retrospective performance of our forecasting algorithm is definitely better than the random case. Considering an alarm duration of three months, the algorithm retrospectively forecasts more than 70 per cent of all shocks with M w ≥ 5.5 occurred in Italy from 1960 to 2019 with a total space–time fraction covered by the alarms of the order of 2 per cent. Considering the same space–time coverage, the algorithm is also able to retrospectively forecasts more than 40 per cent of the first main shocks with M w ≥ 5.5 of the seismic sequences occurred in the same time interval. Given the good reliability of our results, the forecasting algorithm is set and ready to be tested also prospectively, in parallel to other ongoing procedures operating on the Italian territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CircSpaceTime is the only R package, currently available, that implements Bayesian models for spatial and spatio-temporal interpolation of circular data. Such data are often found in applications where, among the many, wind directions, animal movement directions, and wave directions are involved. To analyse such data, we need models for observations at locations s and times t, as the so-called geostatistical models, providing structured dependence assumed to decay in distance and time. The approach we take begins with Gaussian processes defined for linear variables over space and time. Then, we use either wrapping or projection to obtain processes for circular data. The models are cast as hierarchical, with fitting and inference within a Bayesian framework. Altogether, this package implements work developed by a series of papers, by Jona Lasinio, Mastrantonio, Wang, and Gelfand. All procedures are written using Rcpp. Estimates are obtained by MCMC, allowing parallelized multiple chains run. The implementation of the proposed models is considerably improved on the simple routines adopted in the research papers. As original running examples, for the spatial and spatio-temporal settings, we use wind directions datasets over central Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Italian teams have been involved many times in Space Weather observational campaigns from space and from the ground, contributing in the advancing of our knowledge on the properties and evolution of the related phenomena. Numerous Space Weather forecasting and now-casting modeling efforts have resulted in a remarkable add-on to the overall progress in the field, at both national and international level. The Italian Space Agency has participated several times in space missions with science objectives related to Space Weather; indeed, an important field for the Italian scientific and industrial communities interested in Heliophysics and Space Weather, is the development of new instrumentation for future space missions. In this paper, we present a brief state-of-the-art in Space Weather science in Italy and we discuss some ideas on a long-term plan for the support of future scientific research in the related disciplines. In the context of the current roadmap, the Italian Space Agency aims to assess the possibility to develop a national scientific Space Weather data centre to encourage synergies between different science teams with interest in the field and to motivate innovation and new mission concept development. Alongside with the proposed recommendations, we also discuss how the Italian expertise could complement international efforts in a wider international Space Weather context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthquakes cannot be predicted with ultimate precision, so that the progressive reduction of the prediction uncertainty in space and time is an evergreen and challenging task, both from the scientific point of view for the intrinsic complexity of seismic phenomenon and for its high societal relevance. To this aim, algorithms (like CN, M8 and M8S) based on objective recognition of seismicity patterns have been already tested for some decades for intermediate-term middle-range prediction of strong earthquakes above a pre-assigned magnitude threshold. Here, moving from some preliminary ideas, we propose an integrated approach to earthquake prediction, based on the synergy of high-density geodetic observations and seismological information, defining a new paradigm for time dependent hazard assessment scenarios. Through a wider and more refined retrospective analysis, duly involving the accuracy analysis of the newly available geodetic results, space–time precursory features are highlighted within ground velocities and seismicity, analyzing the 2016–2017 seismic crisis in Central Italy and the 2012 Emilia sequence. Overall, it is demonstrated that the proper integration of seismological and geodetic information can achieve what here is called intermediate-term narrow-range earthquake prediction. The extent of the alarmed areas, identified for the strong earthquakes by earthquake prediction algorithms based on seismicity patterns, can be significantly reduced from linear dimensions of a few hundred to a few tens of kilometers, leading to an improved more specific implementation of low-key preventive actions, like those recommended by UNESCO as early as in 1991. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have shown that women are more religious than men, a difference long accepted as an established fact in the sociology of religion. But some recent research has revealed that this difference is not 'universal', varying in space and time. However, only a few scholars have focused on religiosity gender-gap trends over time, either on the theoretical or empirical levels. The aim of this article is to help fill this gap by analysing the progress of gender differences in religiosity from 1981 to 2009 in Italy, an interesting cultural context because of the gradual penetration of secularisation and the high level of gender inequality. Our empirical analysis is based on a longitudinal approach, using data from the European Values Study. The findings show that the gender gap in Italy was quite stable in regard to many aspects of religiosity, with three noteworthy exceptions: the gender gap decreased in beliefs, in intergenerational transmission of faith and in adherence to the Church's doctrines on prostitution, abortion, divorce, euthanasia, suicide and adultery. Contrary to expectations, in most cases this narrowing came about because of an increase in men's religiosity, not a decrease in women's. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Apulia region is highly vulnerable to meteorological and hydrological droughts, due to its low rainfall and higher agricultural water demand. In this study, we investigated the spatial and temporal drought characteristics in the Apulia region based on the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) for the period 1960–2013. SPI was derived based on precipitation, whereas RDI was derived based on both precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. The overall objective is to identify whether these two selected drought indices are able to characterize drought equally or they differ in space and time. Results indicated that the number of drought events decreases and the average drought duration increases by increasing the time scale of the SPI and RDI. The RDI metrics was able to represent a more severe drought event compared to SPI. There is an increasing drought severity trend in the western part of Apulia and a decreasing drought severity trend in the eastern region. The study also shows that temperature (and so potential evapotranspiration) plays an important role in distinguishing drought characteristics between RDI and SPI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: In spite of concerns about migration‐related detention, research inside these sites of confinement is scarce.We present an ethnographic exploration into the detention of illegalized non‐citizens in Italy.Transcending individual‐centered analysis, we adopt an ecological framework with a focus on justice.We contribute to create knowledge on the psychosocial and cultural world behind the walls of detention.We discuss the oppressive qualities of detention and avenues for research and action for community psychologists. Drawing on almost 3 years of fieldwork, comprising qualitative interviews and ethnographic observations, this study provides an exploration into the detention of illegalized non‐citizens in Italy. Taking the largest detention center as a case study, the fabric of everyday life and the lived experiences of people, both detainees and professional actors, are the focus of examination. An ecological community psychology framework, with a focus on justice, guided the data collection, analysis, and interpretation. Findings highlight the oppressive qualities of detention, and its ripple effects on people's life spaces. Scarcity of resources, activities, and information created a very distressing environment for detainees, also enhancing feelings of powerlessness and frustration in professionals willing to assist them. Uncertainty and instability, rather than coercion or discipline, emerged as modes of governing and dominating. Bound in a different space and time, detainees were turned into unwanted and expendable others, their confinement becoming a means to extract profit from them. Yet, people languishing in these sites displayed an extraordinary ability to cope with, resist, and challenge the persisting conditions of injustice they endured. We conclude by highlighting the potential of the proposed framework, and discussing broader implications of our findings and avenues for research and action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferzan Özpetek’s films are known for overtly breaching the subject of queer identities in Italian mainstream cinema. Popular music, however, often complicates the inclusive representations claimed by films in which queer and other non-dominant identities are visible. Where these identities are positioned and which space their members can claim are other key factors for a critical appraisal of their representations. Songs and their placement can produce different associative audiovisual combinations between Italian and non-Italian music on the one hand, and queer and other non-dominant identities on the other. The few camp songs heard where queer characters are shown outside their space and their systematic aural erasure illustrate the limited ‘audibility’ these films allow for queer identities despite their visibility. In this article, I discuss the interaction between popular music and space in the films of Ferzan Özpetek, looking at what I term ‘conditions of the audible’ and considering how these audiovisual representations can situate queer identities in the shifting landscape of Italian mainstream cinema. The way these identities are spatially and musically contained, I argue, can complicate their newly found visibility and the transnational dimension in which Özpetek’s films are often located. While Özpetek did make queer identities visible, these representations inescapably negotiate the national – a dimension where queerness remains spatially and musically contained and Othered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Morphological variations of coastlines are caused by several key processes that are influenced by climate conditions, sea level variations, wave energy, tectonics and human-induced phenomena. These processes affect the dynamics of catchment basins and the coastal environment. Since the second half of the 20th century, the Jonian coast of the Basilicata Region (Italy) has witnessed a widespread retreating phenomenon, predominantly due to anthropogenic causes affecting transport processes along the riverbeds and causing reductions in the sediment supply to the coast. The disturbance in the balance between sediment transport carried out by the sea and the sediment supply performed by rivers has led to a deficit in the sediment budget. To understand the morphological dynamics of the littoral environment and quantify the amount of coastal erosion, an analysis of coastline change has been carried out using various data sources: historical cartography, aerial photographs and GPS surveys. Between 1870 and 1954, the 32-km-long Jonian littoral under examination showed an accretion trend, while the loss in beach surface steadily increased between 1954 and 2005. The average change in beach surface has been calculated as about +55,000 m2/yr (accretion) between 1870 and 1954 and −16,500 m2/yr (erosion) between 1954 and 2005. Overall, 640,000 m2 of sandy beaches were lost along the entire Jonian coast of the Basilicata Region between 1954 and 2005. Comparing the shoreline between 1870 and 1954, the average net shoreline movement (NSM) is +110 m vs. −30 m between 1954 and 2005. This analysis approach has proven to be effective in quantifying the erosion phenomenon and its effects, despite the lack of homogeneous data series and the variety of spatial and temporal scales over which coastal evolution occurs. The study represents an important step in understanding coastal dynamics in this region. As coastal areas are being affected by an increasing number of population and socio-economic activities, identification of shoreline changes and forecasts of coastline evolution represent key information for coastal scientists, engineers, decision makers and stakeholders for both the management of and development of future plans for coastal environments and for reducing exposure risk to coastal erosion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Sea level observations from tide-gauge records located at the Adriatic coasts are analysed. The estimated sea level trends show variability in time and space. Spatial variability is assessed by estimating the differential trends by reference to Trieste. For many of the stations the differential trends become smaller than the corresponding error bars. This indicates that the land, atmospheric and oceanic contributors to sea level change are, at long scales, uniform in the basin. Observed trends in the longer records differ significantly for the periods before 1960 and after 1960. Atmospheric forcing has been a significant contribution in sea level variability for the period 1960 onwards. The atmospheric trends account for −0.8mm/year for the period 1960–2000. No significant atmospheric trends appear to be present at the period 1900–1960. Changes in the atmospheric forcing alone are not capable of explaining fully the difference in the sea level trends for the periods before and after 1960. Steric trends for the period 1960–2000 have also been identified. Their magnitude depends on the depth used for their estimation. Steric trends range between −0.4mm/year for the upper 100m to −2.4mm/year for the whole water column. The residual sea level after the removal of atmospheric and steric effects ranges between 2 and 3.4mm/year at various stations with an associated error bar of 1mm/year. This residual must be accounted for by land movements and incoming signals through the strait of Otranto. The coherence of high frequency sea level signals in the north part of the Adriatic Sea is also analysed for the period 2002–2005 using eight tide gauges. The first empirical orthogonal function contains 71% of the variability indicating that the known coherency at inter-annual and inter-decadal scales extends partly to the higher frequency too. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Data assimilation into numerical models should be both computationally fast and physically meaningful, in order to be applicable in online environmental surveillance. We present a way to improve assimilation for computationally intensive models, based on non-stationary kriging and a separable space–time covariance function. The method is illustrated with significant wave height data. The covariance function is expressed as a collection of fields: each one is obtained as the empirical covariance between the studied property (significant wave height in log-scale) at a pixel where a measurement is located (a wave-buoy is available) and the same parameter at every other pixel of the field. These covariances are computed from the available history of forecasts. The method provides a set of weights, that can be mapped for each measuring location, and that do not vary with time. Resulting weights may be used in a weighted average of the differences between the forecast and measured parameter. In the case presented, these weights may show long-range connection patterns, such as between the Catalan coast and the eastern coast of Sardinia, associated to common prevailing meteo-oceanographic conditions. When such patterns are considered as non-informative of the present situation, it is always possible to diminish their influence by relaxing the covariance maps. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The past two decades have witnessed an increasing interest in the use of space-time models for a wide range of environmental problems. The fundamental tool used to embody both the temporal and spatial components of the phenomenon in question is the covariance model. The empirical estimation of space-time covariance models can prove highly complex if simplifying assumptions are not employed. For this reason, many studies assume both spatiotemporal stationarity, and the separability of spatial and temporal components. This second assumption is often unrealistic from the empirical point of view. This paper proposes the use of a model in which non-separability arises from temporal non-stationarity. The model is used to analyze tropospheric ozone data from the Emilia-Romagna Region of Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space-time fluctuations of Earth's emitted Thermal Infrared (TIR) radiation have been observed from satellite months to weeks before earthquakes occurrence. The general RST approach has been proposed in order to discriminate normal (i.e. related to the change of natural factor and/or observation conditions) TIR signal fluctuations from anomalous signal transient possibly associated to earthquake occurrence. In this work RST approach is applied to the Abruzzo 6 April 2009 event (ML=5.8) by using for the first time MSG-SEVIRI (Meteosat Second Generation -Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager) thermal infrared observations. A validation/confutation analysis has been performed in order to verify the presence/absence of anomalous space-time TIR transients in the presence/absence of significant seismic activity. March-April 2009 has been analyzed for validation purposes. Relatively unperturbed periods (no earthquakes with ML≥5) have been taken for confutation. A specific TIR anomalies space-time persistence analysis as well as a cloud coverage distribution test have been introduced in order to eliminate artifacts and outliers both in the validation and confutation phases. Preliminary results show clear differences in TIR anomalies occurrence during the periods used for validation and confutation purposes. Quite clear TIR anomalies appear also to mark main tectonic lines related to the preparatory phases of others, low magnitude (ML~4) earthquakes, occurred in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper introduces a stochastic technique for forecasting rainfall in space-time domain: the PRAISEST Model (Prediction of Rainfall Amount Inside Storm Events: Space and Time). The model is based on the assumption that the rainfall height H accumulated on an interval Δt between the instants iΔt and (i+1) Δt and on a spatial cell of size ΔxΔy is correlated either with a variable Z, representing antecedent precipitation at the same point, either with a variable W, representing simultaneous rainfall at neighbour cells. The mathematical background is given by a joined probability density fH,W,Z (h,w, z) in which the variables have a mixed nature, that is a finite probability for null value and infinitesimal probabilities for the positive values. As study area, the Calabria region, in Southern Italy, has been selected. The region has been discretised by 10 km×10 km cell grid, according to the raingauge network density in this area. Storm events belonging to 1990-2004 period were analyzed to test performances of the PRAISEST model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safeguarding groundwater from civil, agricultural and industrial contamination is matter of great interest in water resource management. During recent years, much legislation has been produced stating the importance of groundwater as a source for drinking water supplies, underlining its vulnerability and defining the required quality standards. Thus, schematic tools, able to characterise the quality and quantity of groundwater systems, are of very great interest in any territorial planning and/or water resource management activity. This paper proposes a groundwater quality classification method which has been applied to a real aquifer, starting from several studies published by the Italian National Hydrogeologic Catastrophe Defence Group (GNDCI). The methodology is based on the concentration values of several parameters used as indexes of the natural hydro-chemical water condition and of potential man-induced modifications of groundwater quality. The resulting maps, although representative of the quality, do not include any information on its evolution in time. In this paper, this “stationary” classification method has been improved by crossing the quality classes with three indexes of temporal behaviour during recent years. It was then applied to data from monitoring campaigns, performed in spring and autumn, from 1990 to 1996, in the plain of Modena aquifer (central Italy). The results are reported in the form of space-time classification table and maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses time-space compression in the invention of the airplane. Author's view on the social construction of speed, time and space; Comparison of two modernist perceptions of the airplane; Proclamation of the annihilation of time and space and plasticity of reality in 1910 by the Italian Futurist movement.

The article explores the richness of the association between space, culture, and memory. It starts by indicating the importance of migration in the formation of Brazil and moves on to explore the relation between memory and space by showing how memories can be inscribed in the visible spatiality of a city. It goes briefly back to Marcel Proust's work in order to further suggest links between spatiality and remembrance. Finally Félix Guattari's notion of affect is used to account for the impact that spatial experiences may have upon us. The two spaces--previous and present--eventually superimpose forming a complex arrangement that conveys the idea of displacement. Throughout the article, selected, in-depth interviews with Italian and French immigrants who live in Rio de Janeiro--and who relate memories brought about by the experience of space--provide a lively and consistent background to the arguments proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multi-parametric study of the space-time evolution of the seismicity from 2015 to the beginning of 2020 is performed within a well-focused area, located between the Alps and the Prealps, in the central part of the Friuli Venezia Giulia region (Northeastern Italy). The study area is characterized by a complex tectonic pattern resulting from the interference of differently oriented fault systems and involving mechanically heterogeneous rocks. From 2018 to 2019, the area experienced a significant increase and clustering of radiated seismic energy. The estimated damage pattern emphasizes the tectonic complexity. Notably, the most energetic events are located in correspondence with the sharp transitions from zones of low damage to zones of intermediate damage. The evolution of seismicity is analyzed through the temporal variation of the Shannon entropy, b-value , fractal dimension, nearest neighbour distance, and changing orientation of the planes inferred from Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The PCA analysis is applied along a geological cross-section to infer the geometry and the time-evolution of the fracturing. It reveals best-fit planes mainly subvertical. Two distinct temporal phases are recognized, characterized by different orientation of planes and propagation of fracturing. The two phases correspond to the changes in the seismic activity, highlighted by the variations of the entropy, b-value , fractal dimension and nearest neighbour distance. The observed spatio-temporal evolution of seismicity is interpreted within the frame of damage evolution in a heterogeneous medium subjected to an applied remote stress. • A multi-parametric description of seismicity changes is proposed and interpreted as the expression of rocks damage evolution. • North-eastern Italy, for its complex tectonics and rather high seismic hazard, is considered as test area. • Shannon entropy, b-value, fractal dimension, nearest neighbour distance, and Principal Component Analysis are investigated. • Sharp variations of rock mechanical characters control stress concentrations and localization of seismicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The understanding of the social character of time and space has suffered from the tendency to express one in terms of the other. Time, has thus lost its dynamism when reduced to such twofold categorizations of space, as 'backward' and 'modern'. As a result, space is oversimplified into homogeneous blocks that have ideal-type temporal characteristics. This paper offers one view of how this has happened historically. The pervasiveness of the expression of time into space is then illustrated through an examination of some representations of Italy in contemporary historical and anthropological scholarship. A particular metaphor -- that of backward Italy in modem Europe -- has acquired mythic status in explaining the 'nature' of Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthquakes cluster in both space and time. Several studies claim that clustering properties may be controlled by the tectonic regime: as an example, a recent study finds that seismic sequences tend to last longer in extensional tectonic settings compared to the compressive ones. Such evidence is usually used to claim for a calibration of the short-term earthquake forecast models and of declustering models based on the tectonic environment under consideration.In this work, we investigate on the existence of possible differences in the earthquake clustering process in three areas related to distinct crustal tectonic regimes: Italy, Southern California and (onshore) Japan. Our approach avoids the arbitrary distinction among foreshocks, mainshocks and aftershocks and relies on a rigorous statistical analysis. Our results are compatible with the hypothesis of similar earthquake clustering properties in the three tectonic regions, superimposed to a background seismicity described by the Poisson process, whose rate may vary on short time periods. We conclude that, at least for active seismic crustal regions, the type of tectonic regime does not seem to play a key role in how seismic sequences evolve in the spatiotemporal domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study we aim to assessing the nature of stochastic uncertainties in ground-motion predictions, by including the variability of region-specific crustal attenuation in time and space in the Central/Northern Apennines (Italy), using the events occurred during 2016-2017 earthquake sequence. Spectral characteristics of excitation, attenuation and duration of ground motion are derived through a regression analysis of the peak ground velocities in the frequency range of 0.25–22 Hz. Regressions are carried out over thousands time windows before and after the Amatrice (M6.0), Visso (M5.9) and Norcia (M6.3) earthquakes, in order to evaluate the fluctuations in seismic wave attenuation induced by the largest mainshocks of the seismic sequence. Propagation terms are modeled using random vibration theory, through a grid search over the attenuation parameters. Here we show that crustal attenuation is strongly affected by transients triggered by the main events, and quantify the impact of the seismic wave attenuation variability on the ground-motion hazard in the Central/Northern Apennines. We also determine the effect of spatial variability of crustal attenuation and its contribution to stochastic uncertainties in ground motion predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]