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Background: The potential benefits of the COVID-19 lockdown need to be carefully weighed versus the possible impact on people's daily life and negative mental health effects.We aimed to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, insomnia and quality of life before and during the COVID-19 lockdown,identifying subgroups at higher risk of mental distress as a consequence of COVID-19 associated restrictions.Methods: Within the Lost in Italy project, a web-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a representative sample of 6003 Italian adults aged 18-74 recruited from April 27 to May 3, 2020, within the nation-wide stay-at-home order.Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms (PHQ-2 ≥ 3) increased from 14.3% before lockdown to 33.2% during lockdown, anxiety symptoms (GAD-2 ≥ 3) from 18.1% to 41.5%, insufficient sleep (≤6 h/day) from 33.7% to 41.1%, unsatisfactory sleep from 17.0% to 38.8% and unsatisfactory quality of life from 13.1% to 42.1%.Overall, 47.7% reported worsened depressive symptoms, 43.6% worsened anxiety symptoms, sleep quantity (31.5%) and quality (35.0%),and 64.1% worsened quality of life.A statistically significant relationship with all mental health outcomes considered was found for women vs. men (multivariate odds ratio,OR between 1.13 and 1.63), for current vs. never smokers (OR between 1.15 and 1.25), and with increasing physical activity (p for trend<0.001 for all the indicators).The use of at least one psychotropic drug increased by 20% compared to pre-lockdown (from 9.5% to 11.4%).Conclusions: This is the first cross-sectional study conducted in Italy on a representative sample of adults to testify the huge implications of the lockdown on mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A representative National Survey to evaluate the exposure to natural sources of ionizing radiation in dwellings was conducted in all the 21 Italian Regions from 1989 to 1998, and the complete results are reported in this paper. Radon concentration was measured for two consecutive 6-month periods (generally covering the spring–summer and autumn–winter seasons) in one room, usually the main bedroom, of each surveyed dwelling. Validated radon concentration measurements were obtained for a total of 5631 dwellings, distributed in 232 towns (all the 50 towns with more than 100,000 inhabitants and 182 randomly sampled smaller towns). The national average, weighted by the population of each Region, of the annual radon concentration is , the geometric mean is , and the geometric standard deviation is 2.1. The fraction of dwellings with a radon concentration exceeding the reference levels of 150, 200, 400, and are 7.7%, 4.1%, 0.9%, and 0.2%, respectively. Regional averages ranged from about to about . The uncertainty of regional values can be relevant in the case of small Regions, where few small towns were sampled, however such uncertainties do not affect national values significantly. A log-normal model underestimates the fraction of dwellings with high radon concentration and needs to be adjusted to obtain a better fitting. Two complete 6-month measurements were obtained for 4742 dwellings. The regional values of the geometric mean and of the geometric standard deviation of the winter/summer ratio ranged from 0.81 to 2.58 and from 1.32 to 1.88, respectively. The corresponding national values were 1.23 and 1.71, respectively. These results and their implications are discussed in the paper. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]