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Regional science in Italy has a long tradition marked by the distinctive characteristics of the country, namely the presence of multiple and dynamic medium‐sized cities, a traditional and persistent spatial dualism, and the success of intermediate income regions marked by the presence of SMEs. Particularly the third element has led to the creation of an "interpretative paradigm"—known as "endogenous development," or "development from below"—today well‐structured and established in the discipline. It is the generator of innovative theoretical concepts and interpretations. These features are interesting and justify the intention of this paper to provide an analysis of the development of regional science through the major innovative contributions of Italian scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]