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Nowadays, we face a profound fragmentation of knowledge, which is addressed in distinctive ways, conforming to the specifics of each field of knowledge and having a specific lexicon and ways to interpret reality. To better understand and communicate the complexity of the reality of motor and sports sciences in Italy, it is necessary to study its ontology based on a holistic and comprehensive approach such as System Thinking (ST). So, this preliminary review aimed to verify the coherence of terminology used by Italian academics (who study methodologies related to teaching) and practical communities (who live the reality of daily teaching) in motor and sports sciences, specifically regarding the didactic of physical and sports education. For this purpose, according to Design Based Research (DBR), a first investigation of the interpretative semantics of the discipline's specific terms was accomplished with the support of multiple sources of information such as documents, databases, and brainstorming performed by experts (representing the guiding team and stakeholders from all considered communities). Moreover, the frequency of some terms and keywords considered in European (ERC) and Italian (CUN) legislation was assessed to contextualize better the impact of common practice community keywords on the scientific and regulatory community. Successively, the studies that analyzed the terms from 2000 to 2020 in the leading scientific search engines (SCOPUS and Web of Science) were also investigated. Results indicate that in the CUN and ERC areas, there is a total absence of the most relevant lemma to the community of practice. Furthermore, significant terms such as play, sports education, psychomotricity, and gymnastics are less considered or unconsidered in the specific scientific and didactic fields. Possible solutions for a specific semantic model to reduce the gap are finally hypothesized and presented.

In this paper, we continue describing the project and the experimentation of "Ricerca Operativa Applicazioni Reali" (ROAR; in English, Real Applications of Operations Research), a three-year project for higher secondary schools, introduced. ROAR is composed of three teaching units, addressed to Grades 10, 11, and 12, respectively, having the main aim to improve students' interest, motivation, and skills related to Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics disciplines by integrating mathematics and computer science through operations research. In a previous paper, we reported on the design and implementation of the first unit, started in Spring 2021 at the scientific high school IIS Antonietti in Iseo (Brescia, Italy), in a Grade-10 class. Here, we focus on the second unit, carried out in Winter/Spring 2022 with the same students, now in a Grade-11 class. In particular, we describe objectives, prerequisites, topics and methods, the organization of the lectures, digital technologies used, and a challenging final project. Moreover, we analyze the feedback from students and teachers involved in the experimentation.

Operations Research (OR) is a branch of applied mathematics that deals with optimization problems arising from different real contexts. The solving process of its problems is based on the construction and resolution of mathematical models, showing the possible connections between mathematics and the real world. Nevertheless, OR is not typically included in most curricula of higher secondary schools (i.e. Grades 9-12), but it is usually presented mainly at university level. To show how OR could be significant for these school students' education, the authors of this paper developed an educational project consisting of three teaching units. In this paper, we share the result of the teaching experiment related to the first unit, addressed to Grade 10. Qualitative and quantitative analyses show how it is appropriate to include OR and its typology of problems in regular school mathematics lectures. Second, these data also show how modelling and problem-solving skills, developed working with OR, can be fostered by implementing a collaborative way of working, also by making use of digital technologies. Last but not least, we demonstrate the positive impact such activities have on students' appreciation of OR.

This study examined the relationships between first-year university students' academic motivation, retrospective evaluation of school experiences, subjective well-being, engagement and intention to drop out. Self-determination theory, the SInAPSi model of academic engagement, the hedonic approach, and the retrospective judgment process were used to frame the study. A final sample of 565 first-year Italian students enrolled in Science-Technology-Engineering-Mathematics (STEM) courses (Biology, Biotechnologies, Chemistry, Computer Science, Physics, Mathematics) was included. Three mediation models based on structural equations were tested to analyse the relationships between the proposed variables: motivation as an antecedent of dropout intention with only commitment as a mediator (model 1); model 1 + subjective well-being as a second mediator (model 2); model 2 + retrospective judgement as an antecedent (model 3). The results showed that in all models the more autonomous motivational styles predicted students' engagement, which in turn directly and indirectly influenced their intention to drop out. In model 2, subjective well-being acted as a mediator of the relationships between motivation, engagement and dropout intentions. In model 3, we found that subjective well-being also fully mediated the relationships between retrospective judgement and engagement. Overall, our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying student engagement and dropout at university and may inform university policy.

Listening narrative comprehension is a complex process that requires the processing of explicit (i.e., information presented in the text) and implicit information (i.e., information inferable from the text) and involves several linguistic and cognitive skills. However, the specific role of these skills in children's comprehension remains unclear. This study investigated the contribution of maternal education, receptive vocabulary, executive functions (working memory, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility), and Theory of Mind to the comprehension of explicit and implicit information during a listening comprehension task among 100 Italian native speakers attending first grade (M[subscript age] = 6.5 years, SD = 3.7). Hierarchical linear regression analyses indicated that maternal education and children's verbal skills were positively associated with comprehension of explicit information, whereas cognitive flexibility and Theory of Mind provided an independent contribution to the comprehension of implicit information over and above maternal education and verbal skills. Prereaders not only process different types of information during a listening comprehension task and engage in integrative processes to go beyond the information presented in the text but also rely on different linguistic and cognitive skills in the comprehension of both explicit and implicit information.

In this study, we propose to analyse students' drawings using the Semiotic Cultural Psychological Theory (SCPT), a socio-cultural psychological model that integrates semiotics with dynamic systems theory. According to the SCPT framework, students-generated drawings can be analysed in terms of generalised meanings, i.e., implicit assumptions about the represented content. We applied SCPT to identify a set of generalised meanings about seasonal changes and to investigate whether they depend on students' grade level. We used a draw-and-explain task to collect drawings and written explanations about seasonal changes produced by 495 Italian 8th grade (N = 196) and 9th grade (N = 299) students. The analysis was based on Multiple Correspondence Analysis and Cluster Analysis. Five generalised meanings about seasonal changes were identified: (1) Climate; (2) Static Earth -- Sun; (3) Moving Earth -- Sun; (4) Rays -- Earth; and (5) Moving Earth--Orbit-- Sun. The emerging generalised meanings were significantly associated with students' written explanations and grade level. Moreover, generalised meanings were informed by the cultural conventions adopted in textbook representations about seasonal changes. Findings suggest that the SCPT framework can be productively used to analyse students-generated drawings about natural phenomena and to detect specific features of textbook representations that can impair the development of appropriate scientific knowledge.

We introduce "Ricerca Operativa Applicazioni Reali" (ROAR; in English, "Real Applications of Operations Research"), a three-year project for higher secondary schools. Its main aim is to improve students' interest, motivation, and skills related to Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics disciplines by integrating mathematics and computer science through operations research. ROAR offers examples and problems closely connected with students' everyday life or with the industrial reality, balancing mathematical modeling and algorithmics. The project is composed of three teaching units, addressed to grades 10, 11, and 12. The implementation of the first teaching unit took place in Spring 2021 at the scientific high school IIS Antonietti in Iseo (Brescia, Italy). In particular, in this paper, we provide a full description of this first teaching unit in terms of objectives, prerequisites, topics and methods, organization of the lectures, and digital technologies used. Moreover, we analyze the feedback received from students and teachers involved in the experimentation, and we discuss advantages and disadvantages related to distance learning that we had to adopt because of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The purpose of this study was to analyse Italian high school and university students' attitudes towards physics using the Semiotic Cultural Psychological Theory (SCPT). In the SCPT framework, attitudes represent how individuals interpret their experience through the mediation of "generalized meaning" with which they are identified. A view-of-physics questionnaire was used as an instrument to collect data with 1603 high school and university students. Data were analysed through multiple correspondence analysis and cluster analysis. We identified four "generalized meanings" of physics: (a) interesting and important for society; (b) a quite interesting, but badly taught subject at school and not completely useful for society; (c) difficult to study and irrelevant for society; and (d) a fascinating and protective niche from society. The identified generalized meanings are significantly correlated to the choice to study physics at undergraduate level and to the choice of attending physics-related activities in high school. Implications for research are discussed.

The present research identifies the drivers of the growth of academic spin-offs (ASOs). Empirical studies have found few successful cases of ASOs from a firm-level perspective; many companies fail, and others tend to remain small without making a meaningful contribution to local economic development. Consequently, analysing the factors affecting spin-off growth is important to understand their potential benefits for society. A large portion of studies focus on external drivers of ASO growth, while we concentrate on the internal dimension, analysing the effect of the heterogeneity of entrepreneurial teams on the performance of ASOs from a longitudinal perspective. Our paper investigates how ASO entrepreneurial team heterogeneity, both horizontal (cognitive) and vertical (status), and changes in entrepreneurial team heterogeneity between the prefoundation and postfoundation stages affect ASO performance. The results show that vertical heterogeneity in the composition of the prefoundation team is a driver of ASO performance over a shorter time horizon (one year) and more so if the average seniority of academics is low. Horizontal heterogeneity plays a negative moderating role. However, longer-term performance is more influenced by horizontal heterogeneity, implying slower growth after the spin-off foundation. These findings should provide important insights for both managers and Italian policy-makers.

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of the 3-day food records in monitoring and enhancing dietary habits among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 49 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled, with 38 completing the study. Participants were instructed to record their food intake over 3 consecutive days every 2 months. Key anthropometric and glycometabolic parameters, including body weight, abdominal circumference, glycated hemoglobin, and fasting blood sugar, were evaluated at baseline and after 6 months. The introduction of the 3-day food records led to significant improvements in body weight, abdominal circumference, glycated hemoglobin, and fasting blood sugar. Additionally, there was a notable increase in the percentage of patients adhering to the LARN nutritional recommendations, especially concerning the intake of carbohydrates, simple sugars, proteins, fiber, and water. However, adherence to lipid and saturated fat recommendations remained a challenge. The 3-day food records emerges as a valuable tool in the dietary management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. By facilitating real-time monitoring and feedback, it holds promise in enhancing patient adherence to nutritional guidelines, thereby improving key health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality management improvement has become a recent focus of attention in medical education. The program for the donation of bodies and body parts (Body Donation Program) at the University of Padova has recently been subjected to a global quality management standard, the ISO 9001:2008 certification. The aim of the present work is to show how the above standard is useful in enhancing the efficiency of body donation procedures and the quality and output of medical education. The program is managed by means of the following interlinked procedures: the collection of body donations, death certificates, data, and body parts from living donors; the transportation and identification of cadavers; the management of bodies, body parts, equipment, instruments, purchasing of necessary materials, and setting up anatomical training sessions; the management of preventive and corrective actions; the management of documents and registration; the management of internal and external quality audits; and the review of outcomes and improvement planning. Monitoring indicators are identified in the numbers of donors and of donated body parts per year, education sessions, and satisfaction of learners and donors, as evaluated by questionnaires. The process management approach, the integrated involvement of medical, technical, and administrative staff in defining procedures, and the application of monitoring indicators allow quality improvement in all aspects of the Body Donation Program. (Contains 1 table and 2 figures.)

Current undergraduate medical curricula provides relatively little time for cadaver dissection. The Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology at the University of Padova has organized a pilot project with the University Hospital for the donation of body parts that are surgically removed for therapeutic purposes and destined under Italian law for destruction. The aim of the project is to improve residents' practical training skills. A survey over the last two years has shown that about 60 body parts were available each year. These included 13 upper limbs or their parts (i.e., forearm with hand, hand, and fingers) and 47 lower limbs or their parts (i.e., legs with feet, feet, or toes). The residents explained the aim of the project to potential donors, and, if patients were willing to donate, their informed consent was obtained. The residents were present in the operating theater during the surgical procedure. In the post-operative phase, the same residents performed dissections on the body part(s), following a teaching schedule prepared by a clinical anatomist, who also assisted residents during their studies. Residents also acted as tutors for undergraduate medical students who attended these dissections. The underlying pathology for which the body part was removed was examined, and surgical procedures were practiced on the body part itself. Our project provided an opportunity for a close relationship between anatomists and surgeons, reinforcing core knowledge of anatomy by appreciation of its clinical importance. The active involvement of residents as learners and as teachers in the various steps of this project improved their knowledge of surgical techniques and helped to establish a sense of ethical responsibility and respect for the human body. This approach involves study of anatomical structures from new perspectives and leads to improved surgical practice. (Contains 1 figure.)

In this paper, we use two complementary Italian data sources (the 1995 ISTAT and Bank of Italy household surveys) to generate household-specific nondurable expenditure in the Bank of Italy sample that contains relatively high-quality income data. We show that food expenditure data are of comparable quality and informational content across the two surveys, once we properly account for heaping, rounding, and time averaging. We therefore depart from standard practice and rely on the estimation of an inverse Engel curve on ISTAT data to impute nondurable expenditure to Bank of Italy observations, and show how we can use these estimates to analyze consumption age profiles conditional on demographics. Our key result is that predictions based on a standard set of demographic and socioeconomic indicators are quite different from predictions that also condition on simulated food consumption, in the sense that their age profile is less in line with the implications of the standard consumer intertemporal optimization problem. (Contains 16 footnotes, 6 tables, and 12 figures.)

Background: Selective crossectomy and mechanochemical ablation (MOCA) of great saphenous vein (GSV) have been used, for years, individually in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. In this paper, we focus on the advantages of a combination of the two techniques, in order to prevent complications and recurrence. Methods: A preoperative clinical and instrumental screening phase was conducted for the purpose of dividing patients into three groups: "Saph+Cross" group (51/139 patients) underwent saphenectomy and crossectomy; "MOCA" group (44/139 patients) underwent MOCA of GSV with Flebogrif® device; "MOCA + Cross" group (44/139 patients) subjected to both MOCA and crossectomy procedures. Recurrence rate, defined as total recanalization of GSV and/or onset of neosaphena and/or new varicose veins, was used as a primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were procedural time and intra- and post-procedural complications. Results: We conducted a 1-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up with Duplex scan. The recurrence rates were 3.9%, 21.8%, and 4.5% for "Saph+Cross," "MOCA," and "MOCA+Cross," respectively, with a significant difference for the comparison between "MOCA" and "Saph+Cross" (MOCA vs Saph+Cross: OR 5.35, CI95% [0.98; 54.6], p -value.040). The sub-analysis of primary outcome highlighted a lower recanalization rate of GSV when combining the crossectomy with MOCA procedure (2.2% MOCA+Cross vs 15.9% MOCA; 0.12 OR, [0.002; 1.02] CI95%, p -value.029). Among the secondary outcomes, "MOCA" showed a shorter procedural time than the other groups (Saph+Cross: 51.3 ± 11.4; MOCA: 45.1 ± 7.5; MOCA+Cross: 50.4 ± 10; p -value.027). No significant differences were noted in terms of intra- and post-procedural complications. Conclusions: The results showed that patients treated with saphenectomy and crossectomy have a lower recurrence rate compared to MOCA alone and MOCA + crossectomy procedures. The association of crossectomy with MOCA significantly reduces the recanalization rate of GSV, and it is also characterized by a higher free survival from recurrence (SSF) than with MOCA alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The effects of lockdown on non‐COVID patients are varied and unexpected. The aim is to evaluate the burden of cardiac arrhythmias during a lockdown period because of COVID‐19 pandemics in a population implanted with cardiac defibrillators and followed by remote monitoring. Methods: In this retrospective, multicentre cohort study, we included 574 remotely monitored implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and cardiac resynchronization therapy‐defibrillator (CRT‐D) recipients implanted before January 1, 2019, at seven hospitals in the Campania region, comparing the burden of arrhythmias occurred during the lockdown period because of COVID‐19 epidemics (from March 9 to May 1, 2020) with the arrhythmias burden of the corresponding period in 2019 (reference period). Data collection was performed through remote monitoring. Results: During the lockdown period, we observed ventricular tachyarrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation) in 25 (4.8%) patients while in seasonal reference period we documented ventricular tachyarrhythmias in 12 (2.3%) patients; the comparison between the periods is statistically significant (P <.04). Atrial arrhythmias were detected in 38 (8.2%) subjects during the lockdown period and in 24 (5.2%) during the reference period (P <.004). Conclusion: In seven hospitals in the Campania region, during the pandemic lockdown period, we observed a higher burden of arrhythmic events in ICD/CRT‐D patients through device remote monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citizen science and spatial ecology analyses can inform species distributions, habitat preferences, and threats in elusive and endangered species such as seahorses. Through a dedicated citizen science survey submitted to the Italian diving centers, we collected 115 presence records of the two seahorses occurring along the Italian coasts: Hippocampus hippocampus and H. guttulatus. From this dataset, we used 85 seahorse valitaded records to identify the ecological features of these two poorly known species and quantify the effects of human activities on their habitat suitability through geographic information systems and species distribution modelling. Our results indicated a continuous suitable area for both seahorses along the Italian coasts, with a single major gap in the central Adriatic Sea (Emilia-Romagna and Marche regions). They co-occurred in most of their Italian range, particularly in the central and southern Tyrrhenian coasts, and their ecological niches resulted to be significantly similar, although not equivalent. The least-cost paths of both species were concentrated in southern Italy (Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily), suggesting that more data is needed to improve the spatial resolution of the available information, especially in the northern and central Italy. Human activities influenced 38% and 42% of the habitat suitability of H. hippocampus and H. guttulatus , respectively, while only 25% and 30% of their potential distributions, respectively, are protected by Italy's existing conservation area system, in accordance with the global average for seahorses. In particular, the central Adriatic Sea represents a critical area where the occurrence of these seahorses is lower and the anthropic impact is higher. Considering all the Italian regions, fishing effort is the main human activity impacting both species. These findings will support the implementation of more efficient conservation actions. We encourage the application and interaction of citizen science and spatial ecology analyses to facilitate the assessment and sustainable management of elusive organisms. [Display omitted] • A continuous suitable area for two seahorses exists along the Italian coasts, with major gaps in the central Adriatic Sea. • Ecological niches for both seahorses were similar, although not equivalent. • The least-cost paths of both species were concentrated on southern Italy (Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily regions). • Human activities affected 38% and 42% of the H. hippocampus ' and H. guttulatus ' habitat suitability. • Protected areas preserved 25% and 30% of the H. hippocampus ' and H. guttulatus ' potential distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a session of osteopathic manipulative techniques on diaphragmatic motion and thickness in healthy participants. This was a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, case vs sham vs control clinical trial performed in an outpatient osteopathic clinic in Rome, Italy. Sixty-seven healthy participants, mean age 40.4 ± 14.5 years, received an ultrasound evaluation of diaphragmatic motion and thickness, followed by a systematic osteopathic evaluation. After randomization, the experimental group (n = 22) received osteopathic manipulation, whereas the sham (n = 22) and the control (n = 22) groups had a light touch approach and simple observation, respectively. After a 1-session intervention, new osteopathic and ultrasound assessments were repeated in all participants. A statistically significant increase in diaphragmatic mobility was observed in the experimental group after the osteopathic manipulation (Δ = 14.5 mm, P <.001; analysis of variance P <.001 vs both sham: Δ = -0.22 mm, and control: Δ = -2.09 mm groups). A strong linear relationship was observed between the diaphragmatic motion gradient, measured with ultrasonography, and the score assigned by the operator evaluating the change of diaphragm mobility after intervention. Osteopathic techniques used in this study improved the diaphragmatic motion (but not the muscle thickness) in healthy participants. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and eventually identify the clinical conditions that may benefit from osteopathic manipulative treatment of the diaphragm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By analysing Carlo Emilio Gadda’s contributions in 1940s literary journals, this article traces the development of his literary career and his positionings in the political debate of the time. The article examines the close relationship with Letteratura, and the networks of journals and publishers, through which Gadda, as a nouvel entrant in the literary field, sought to define, yet with many economic difficulties, his own identity as a professional writer. Gadda’s contributions are also used as a lens to read his relationship with Fascism, spanning furious exposition, attempts to find a space in the conservative cultural milieu, and the covering up of his previous support to the regime. The earlier version of Quer Pasticciaccio brutto de via Merulana, and the essays published in Letteratura and Il Mondo represent a lucid response to the rising communist and neorealist trend, in order to promote a conservative politics and defend the waning literary modernism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Union (EU) has recently reformed its Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and, in parallel, has completely abolished the production quotas for milk. These changes will have important consequences for the use of land, of inputs (i.e., water and chemicals) and on the economic performance of rural areas. It is of interest to evaluate the integrated impact of these modifications and of climate change (CC), since the latter could neutralize or reverse some desired effects of the former. For this purpose, this paper evaluates the potential impact of the abolition of milk quotas, as well as of the reform of the first pillar of CAP in two different climate scenarios (present and near future). A bio-economic model simulates the possible adaptation of various farm types in an agricultural area of Southern Italy to these changes, given the available technological options and current market conditions. The main results show that the considered policy changes have small positive impacts on economic and environmental factors of the study area. However, some farm types are more affected. CC can effectively attenuate or reverse several of those effects, especially in some farm types. These results can inform the planning of future changes to the CAP, which will have to act in the context of deeper climate alteration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The specific objectives are: a) measure the treatment's outcomes of a chronic wound and the patient's conditions; b) explore experiences and impact on the patient's life and c) integrate the quantitative and qualitative results to explain the process of selfcare in patients with a chronic ulcer. Method: In the first phase of explanatory mixed method study, data were collected during a longitudinal study, in a convenience sample of 44 patients admitted at the nursing outpatients' clinics. In phase two, 14 patients were interviewed and the data were analyzed using Giorgi's descriptive phenomenological method. In the third phase were integrated the quantitative and qualitative results to explain the process of self-care in patients with a chronic ulcer. Results / Discussion: Linear regression confirmed the association between patients' quality of life and some socio-demographic and clinical factors. The qualitative analysis showed 3 themes. The first 'Cared by Yourself', includes 3 subthemes: Self-care maintenance, Self-management and Self-monitoring. The second 'Cared by Healthcare Providers', includes 3 subthemes selfmanagement support, symptom management and disease management. The third 'Quality of life' includes the limitations that impact the patients' quality of life. Conclusion: Suffering from chronic wounds for a long period of time has a negative impact on the patients' quality of life, autonomy, wellnesses and on the self-care process. The middle range theory of chronic conditions can be applied to ulcerative lesions, which are chronic conditions that have a chronic disease as their aetiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects on coastal lagoons of floods resulting from intense rainfall need to be assessed using a multidisciplinary approach, able to describe in real time the occurrence of changes in sediment quality, anticipating risk situations. In the present study the effectiveness as pre-screening tool of the MOT-test, an innovative bioassay that uses sperm motility as endpoint, has been evaluated; its response has been compared with the sediment chemical characterization, in order to determine the effects of a flood event occurred in the Varano lagoon, a poorly anthropized Mediterranean coastal lagoon. The MOT-test effect percentages ranged from 10% to 30%, fully reflecting data from chemical analyses. Organic pollutants showed concentrations always below the critical levels. The highest metal values were found in the south-eastern area; however, only for few metals (mainly Cd), and in few sites, they reached the limits defined by the sediment quality guidelines; consistently, these sites are located in the area where a higher stressors’ impact was expected and the highest MOT-test effect percentages were recorded. In conclusion, even if results exclude the occurrence of serious contamination events as a consequence of the flood, the runoff resulting from the intense rainfall event has caused a pollutant load in the lagoon, consistent with the localization of the main anthropogenic activities in the catchment area. Moreover, preliminary data indicate the validity of the approach adopted for the post-flood quality assessment, proving the usefulness of the MOT-test as early-screening tool in the case of extreme events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main novelty of the most recent Common Agricultural Policy reform is the greening , which provides a payment to farmers who respect certain ‘agricultural practices beneficial for the climate and the environment’. The greening is part of a framework that includes other changes to the first pillar. In the present study the possible impact of first pillar reform on a Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) sample of Italian farms was carried out using a Positive Mathematical Programming model. This model considers the mechanisms of production choices according to compliance with the greening practices, as well as possible administrative penalties or reductions in payments in the case of non-compliance. Results showed that while the impact of the greening practices is limited in terms of land use, there were positive effects on environmental indicators. Coupled payments, along with greening practices, determine a larger impact and are effective in achieving environmental goals. Moreover, the system for reducing green payments and levying administrative penalties in case of non-compliance is effective and ensures compliance with practices in almost all farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human activities such as urban densification, soil sealing and the spread of service infrastructure are altering the quality and quantity of ecosystems. They are depleting natural capital, like water supply and air quality, on which society depends. To preserve natural capital, the European Commission is promoting new land-use policies, one of which is Green Infrastructure (GI). It has been postulated that GI planning can promote sustainable land-use by supporting a wide range of ecosystem services. Research conducted in the GREEN SURGE project (FP7-ENV.2013.6.2-5-603567) has suggested that a number of tangible benefits accrue when GI planning is implemented at different spatial scales. In support of this, GI has been conceptualized in a case study in Southern Italy using the Driving force–Pressure–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR) framework. This framework was employed to promote the GI approach with the aim of ensuring sustainable land development without compromising natural capital. In fact, the DPSIR framework used in the case study shows how GI, through the provision of ecosystem services, is a response to various critical environmental issues. Despite known limitations as reported in the literature, the DPSIR framework was selected for its simplicity in representing and reporting the interactions between the environment and society. Given the complexity of environmental issues and the presence of various stakeholders involved in decision-making processes, DPSIR provides planning professionals with a streamlined tool to develop strategic solutions for sustainable land-use and for promoting societal wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BRRD has, amongst other things, introduced the bail-in to Italian law. There was some criticism in Italy, but now the choice has been made and there is really little point in belatedly trying to question it; besides, Italy agreed to the new rules. However, we cannot ignore the fact that, due to the manner in which it has been designed, the bail-in will raise critical problems in the Italian legal system. This is probably mainly due to the careless use of technical terminology that sometimes has a different meaning from that traditionally given to certain concepts (conversion, write-down, irregularity, resolution etc). This article tries to give an initial response to those interpretation problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past few decades many countries have increased the presence of various forms of private sector involvement in airport ownership and management. This paper focuses on the financial performance of Italian airport companies. We present empirical evidence separately for two groups where public or private management majority prevails. The main findings indicate that companies with a private majority outperform the others in terms of financial indicators that are related to operating income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the alternative investment fund management and regulation in Italy in 2014. Topics include the Italian Consolidated Finance Law, reciprocal standardization within the European Union (EU) financial regulation system, and collective portfolio management. Information is provided on collective investment undertakings (UCITS).

Copyright of Pôle Sud is the property of Centre Comparatif d'Etudes sur les Politiques Publiques et les Espaces Locaux and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Laboratory tests and field trials were conducted in 2010 and 2011 in Salerno province, Southern Italy, to determine the causal agent(s) of pink rot of roots and bulbs of onion and the effects of soil solarization combined with municipal food waste compost amendment in reducing their infections on bulbs of onion. Three fungi were mainly isolated: Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium tricinctum on bulbs and roots and Pyrenochaeta terrestris exclusively on roots. P. terrestris produce symptoms on roots, but it was not able to cause damage on unwounded bulbs. F. proliferatum and F. tricinctum were able to induce symptoms when inoculated separately and showed no synergistic effects on severity of symptoms on bulbs. They induced symptoms on roots at a lesser extent. Combined inoculations of P. terrestris with both Fusarium species on roots have not increased symptoms severity of pink rot of onion. This is the first report of F. tricinctum as agent of pink rot of onion bulbs. Two years field trials have been carried out from 2009 to 2011 to evaluate the efficacy of soil solarization, applied alone or in combination with municipal food waste compost amendment, for controlling pink rot of onion bulb caused by F. proliferatum and F. tricinctum. For this purpose, soil solarization, alone and combined with compost amendment, were compared with metham sodium and an untreated control. The results of both trials demonstrated that, in presence of pink rot of onion bulbs, compost amendments, applied after solarization, strongly reduced the efficacy of soil solarization from 68.7% to 16.3% in 2010 and from 76.9% to 4.6% in 2011. Organic amendments applied before soil solarization significantly reduced the efficacy of this technique only in 2011. Significant yield increases were detected at the end of both trials in plots treated with solarization alone, metham sodium and compost applied after solarization. The highest incidence of unmarketable infected plants recorded in plots solarized and then amended with compost was compensated by the increase of bulb size and plant weight. These results demonstrated as the benefits achieved with compost amendments in controlling pink rot of onion are not easily predictable and applicable on large scale. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article discusses the use of the Internet to promote financial services and investment products as of August 2012, focusing on an examination of remote contacts and distance selling under the Consolidated Law on Finance as promulgated by Italy's Securities and Exchange Commission (Consob). The law's treatment of offers made over the Internet and the obligations of financial promoters are also addressed.

The article offers information about the legal aspects of securities, financial products and financial instruments in law in Italy. Topics include the financial system of valore mobiliare in regulation set up by Italian Law No. 216/1974, the directives of laws in the European Union related to public offerings, and the definition of a financial product and financial instrument in laws in the European Community and in Italy.

The article reports on the introduction of the Società di investimento a capitale variabile (SIVAC) via the implementation of Council Directive 85/611 in Italy. SIVACs have been regulated by the 1998 Consolidated Law of Financial Markets. Since their introduction, they present some peculiarities because the legislator emphasizes the differences among funds managed by an external company and SIVACs where the investor is a shareholder in the management company.

Abstract: Purpose: Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MRAB) is an emerging cause of intensive care unit (ICU) outbreaks. Patients are the main reservoirs, inducing cross transmission. We describe an MRAB outbreak that occurred in the Prato Hospital ICU in June to August 2009. Materials and Methods: The ICU consists of 2 separated 4-bed rooms (rooms A and B). The MRAB-positive patients were included in our study. During the outbreak, infection control measures were enhanced; patients and environmental screenings were performed. A 6-month follow-up was carried out. Results: Four of 26 patients admitted during the outbreak were MRAB positive. All patients were located in room A; no case was detected in room B either in the hospital or during the follow-up. Management included closure to new admissions, reinforcement of infection control measures, patient and environmental screenings, discharge of room B MRAB-negative patients for at least 5 days after the first case identification. All isolates were carbapenems resistant and tigecycline and colistin susceptible. All patients received tigecycline: 2 were successfully treated, 1 died because of preexisting illness, and 1 developed resistance and recovered after colistin therapy. Conclusions: Enhanced infection control measures and adequate antibiotic strategy limited the outbreak. Tigecycline allowed rapid recovery. Nevertheless, resistance ensued; so colistin remained the only therapeutic option. However, pan-drug resistance has been reported. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

BACKGROUND: The imbalance between the increasing prevalence of acutely decompensated respiratory diseases and the shortage of intensive care unit beds has stimulated the growth of respiratory high-dependence care units (RHDCUs). METHODS: We conducted a national survey to analyze the changes, in the past 10 years, in the number, structures, staff, procedures, diagnoses, and outcomes in Italian RHDCUs that satisfy the European Respiratory Society's criteria (modified according to the Italian Association of Hospital Pneumologists) for high level (respiratory intensive care unit), intermediate level (respiratory intermediate intensive care unit), and low level (respiratory monitoring unit) RHDCU care. RESULTS: The number of RHDCUs increased from 26 to 44. The relative prevalence among all the RHDCUs increased only for the low-level units (P = .03). Compared to 1997, in 2007 a higher percentage of Italian RHDCUs were located within respiratory wards than located outside of respiratory wards (P = .03), and the physician-to-patient mean ratio and the nurse-to-patient mean ratio per shift were lower (P = .001 and P = .002, respectively). Admissions for only monitoring decreased (P < .001), and admissions for active interventions increased: noninvasive ventilation (P = .002), invasive ventilation (P < .001), weaning from invasive ventilation (P < .001), and tracheal decannulation (P < .001). The complexity of RHDCU patients' conditions increased: there was a reduction in the percentage of COPD patients (P < .001) and an increase in the percentage of patients with neuromyopathies (P < .001) and de novo hypoxemia (P = .006). CONCLUSIONS: Between 1997 and 2007 there was an increase in the number and expertise of Italian RHDCUs, with a shift toward less expensive care, and greater complexity of interventions and patient dysfunctions. These findings support the crucial role of RHDCUs in the management of respiratory critical patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Purpose: We aimed to compare the effects of a blood pressure transducer system specifically manufactured to limit underdamping artifacts with those of a standard system on hemodynamic parameter estimation and accuracy. Materials and Methods: Forty-three consecutive patients undergoing vascular surgery at the University of Florence, Italy, were included. Arterial blood pressure signal was simultaneously registered with 2 MostCare monitors, connected to the artery either by a standard transducer or a specific transducer manufactured to avoid underdamping artifacts (Resonance Over-Shoot Eliminator [R.O.S.E.]; Becton Dickinson, Becton Drive, NJ). Patients were divided into 2 groups: absence (C group) or presence (R group) of underdamping/resonance artifacts of blood pressure signal. Systolic blood pressure, cardiac index, maximal pressure/time ratio (dP/dt MAX), and cardiac cycle efficiency were recorded every 30 seconds for 30 minutes. A total of 2675 measurements were performed with 34.9% incidence of underdamping/resonance artifacts. Results: All hemodynamic parameters showed clinically acceptable differences in the C group; in contrast, the results differed greatly in the R group between standard and R.O.S.E. transducer (systolic blood pressure bias, 16.7 mm Hg; cardiac index bias, 0.24 L min−1 m−2; dP/dt MAX bias, 0.92 mm Hg/ms; cardiac cycle efficiency bias, 0.018 units). Conclusions: Underdamping/resonance artifacts frequently affect blood pressure measurement in operating rooms and intensive care units and cause severe overestimation of systolic blood pressure and incorrect estimation of hemodynamic parameters when the pulse contour method is used. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The authors conducted a survey of the residual stand damage and soil disturbance caused by harvesting Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean forests in Central and Southern Italy. Sixty-five stands were inspected, with the double purpose of estimating reference values for logging impacts, and of determining if alternative silvicultural prescriptions result in a different frequency, severity and distribution of stand damage and soil disturbance. Data was collected with simple methods, commonly used in similar studies and suitable for direct application to forest practice. The study indicated that 12–14% of the residual trees are usually damaged during the conventional harvesting of Mediterranean forests. This proportion can grow to 20% when crawler tractors are used. Soil disturbance was detected on 58% of the surface of clear-fell sites, and on 42% of the surface of thinning and partial cut sites. Furthermore, clear-fell sites presented 5 times as many occurrences of disturbance categorized by being greater than 5cm depth as thinning and partial cut sites. The study also showed an obvious and direct relationship between impact levels and proximity to the main extraction trails. The study indicated that thinnings and partial cuts are not associated to a dramatic increase of stand damage, but they result in a lower incidence of soil disturbance. Extraction by tracked farm tractors causes more stand damage and soil disturbance than extraction by rubber-tired farm tractors or by cable yarders. The introduction of modern technology is likely to determine a dramatic reduction in the use of tracked and rubber-tired farm tractors in forest operations, but it may generate new and different impacts, which should be monitored with much care. Yarding causes the least stand and soil damage, suggesting that silvicultural prescriptions should favor the application of cable logging, if possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In urban environments, green spaces have proven to act as ameliorating factors of some climatic features related to heat stress, reducing their effects and providing comfortable outdoor settings for people. In addition, green spaces have demonstrated greater capacity, compared with built-up areas, for promoting human health and well-being. In this paper, we present results of a study conducted in Italy and the UK with the general goal to contribute to the theoretical and empirical rationale for linking green spaces with well-being in urban environments. Specifically, the study focused on the physical and psychological benefits and the general well-being associated with the use of green spaces on people when heat stress episodes are more likely to occur. A questionnaire was set up and administered to users of selected green spaces in Italy and the UK (n=800). Results indicate that longer and frequent visits of green spaces generate significant improvements of the perceived benefits and well-being among users. These results are consistent with the idea that the use of green spaces could alleviate the perception of thermal discomfort during periods of heat stress. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article reports on the classifying of the philosophy collection at the Library of the Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa, Italy. Raffaele Giampietro worked on classifying the philosophy and psychology collections for the Library of the Scuola Normale Superiore within the policy of an open-shelf decimal classification system as well as to allocate the collection to a main area in the library. The classification system for the library's philosophy collection includes divisions between the philosophy of science, metaphysics, and the history of philosophy.

Abstract: Urban forests, trees and other green spaces are thought to contribute significantly to certain psychophysical and social needs of urban dwellers. Recent studies on citizens’ perceptions and behaviour toward urban green areas have shown the complexity and the multidimensional character of the man-nature relationship in the city; inhabitants’ use of green spaces appears to be motivated by the need for psychological health with relevant social implications. In this paper, we describe two empirical studies that have been independently conducted and recently published by Italian urban foresters and environmental psychologists. By comparing the two studies in terms of approach, materials, methods and results, we seek to find out if urban foresters and environmental psychologists in Italy approach and interpret the psychological and social (P&S) dimensions of urban green spaces differently. Results show that urban foresters have applied substantially different approaches and research methods than environmental psychologists. This can be explained from their different backgrounds and perspectives. We conclude by discussing some basic hints and implications for enhancing the P&S benefits of urban forests through collaborative projects and scientific co-operation between urban foresters and environmental psychologists. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objectives: To assess knowledge, attitudes and practices towards hepatitis C of primary care physicians (PCPs) working in a Southern Italian area. Methods: A questionnaire exploring the basic knowledge on risk factors and the management of hepatitis C virus infection was administered in two occasions to a sample of PCPs before and 2 months later the presentation of the EASL guidelines on the management of HCV infection. Results: At the first survey, drug addiction, transfusion in 1982 and sexual contact with multiple partners were listed as the most common risk factors for acquiring HCV infection. As many as 27% of PCPs believed that blood transfusion after 1994 was still an important risk factor for this infection. Only 38% of PCPs would refer HCV positive subject with abnormal ALT levels to a gastroenterologist. Some points showed a definite improvement when first and second survey were compared: the more frequent use of qualitative instead of quantitative HCV-RNA testing for diagnostic purpose and the selection of IFN plus ribavirin as the regimen of choice for active disease. Conclusions: The general practice management of hepatitis C may be improved using educational activities involving directly and interactively PCPs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• In Italy, recent regulation has updated the post-mortem body disposition. • Body donation is admitted for study, training and scientific research purposes. • Unsolved issues concern the grantees of teaching and training activities. • The Italian College of Anatomists has made constructive criticisms to the law. • Suggestions are provided to manage the donation process and use of the body. In Italy, recent legislation (Law No. 10/2020) has tuned regulations concerning the donation of one's postmortem body and tissues for study, training, and scientific research purposes. This study discusses several specific issues to optimise the applicability and effectiveness of such an important, novel regulatory setting. Critical issues arise concerning the learners, the type of training and teaching activities that can be planned, the position of academic anatomy institutes, the role of family members in the donation process, the time frame of the donation process, the eligibility of partial donation, or the simultaneous donation of organs and tissues to patients awaiting transplantation. In particular, a universal time limit for donations (i.e., one year) makes it impossible to plan the long-term use of specific body parts, which could be effectively preserved for the advanced teaching and training of medical students and surgeons. The abovementioned conditions lead to the limited use of corpses, thus resulting in the inefficiency of the whole system of body donation. Overall, the donors' scope for the donation of their body could be best honoured by a more flexible and tuneable approach that can be used on a case-by-case basis. Furthermore, it is deemed necessary to closely monitor the events scheduled for corpses in public nonacademic institutions or private enterprises. This paper presents useful insights from Italian anatomists with the hope of providing inspiration for drafting the regulations. In conclusion, this paper focuses on the critical issues derived from the recently introduced Italian law on the donation and use of the body after death and provides suggestions to lawmakers for future implementations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Covid-19 restriction measures produced negative effects on psychological health. • Indoor-outdoor green features are associated with psychological health outcomes. • Nature-based elements promote well-being of smart workers and non-smart workers. • Green features within and surrounding the home environment are strongly recommended. Exposure to public green spaces was shown to be associated with psychological health. Nonetheless, evidence is lacking on the role of different green features within and/or surrounding the home environment when public green spaces are inaccessible or not usable. The overarching goal of this study is to shed light on the associations between the presence of greenness within the home and in the surrounding environment and the detrimental effects of quarantine on psychological health during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Italy. A cross-sectional nationwide study involving an online survey was conducted of an Italian population-based sample of 3886 respondents on the association of indoor and outdoor green features (i.e., presence of plant pots, sunlight, green view and accessibility of private green space and natural outdoor environment) with self-reported increases in anxiety, anger, fear, confusion, moodiness, boredom, irritability, recurrent thoughts and/or dreams, poor concentration and sleep disturbance during the COVID-19 lockdown. Single-exposure regression models were performed to estimate associations between single green features and each psychological health outcome adjusted for relevant covariates. In the adjusted models, the presence of plant pots at home was associated with a lower self-reported increase in anxiety, anger, fear, irritability, and sleep disturbance. A greater amount of sunlight in the home was associated with a lower increase in anger, fear, confusion, moodiness, boredom, irritability, poor concentration, and sleep disturbance. A greater amount of green view and access to private green spaces were both associated with a lower increase in each of the psychological health outcomes except for green view and recurrent thought and/or dreams. Natural outdoor environment was associated with anxiety, fear, boredom, irritability, and sleep disturbance. Significant associations remained robust when adjusted for number of confirmed COVID-19 cases. Insights on future investigations are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wildfires are a major disturbance in the Mediterranean Basin and an ecological factor that constantly alters the landscape. In this context, it is crucial to understand where wildfires are more likely to occur as well as the drivers guiding them in complex landscapes such as the Mediterranean area. The objectives of this study are to estimate wildfire probability occurrence as a function of biophysical and human-related drivers, to provide an assessment of the relative impact of each driver and analyze the performance of machine learning techniques compared to traditional regression modeling. By employing an Artificial Neural Network model and fire data (2004–2012), we estimated wildfire probability across two geographical regions covering most of the Italian territory: Alpine and subalpine region and Insular and peninsular region. The high classification accuracy (0.68 for the Alpine and subalpine region and 0.76 for the Insular and peninsular region) and good performances of the technique (AUC values of 0.82 and 0.76, respectively) suggest that our model can be used in the areas studied to assess wildfire probability occurrence. We compared our model with a logistic function, which showed a weaker predictive power (AUC values of 0.78 for the Alpine and subalpine region and 0.65 for the Insular and peninsular region) compared to the Artificial Neural Network. In addition, we assessed the importance of each variable by isolating it in the model. The importance of an individual variable differed between the two regions, underscoring the high diversity of wildfire occurrence drivers in Mediterranean landscapes. Results show that in the Alpine and subalpine region, the presence of forest is the most important variable, while climate resulted as being the most important variable in the Insular and peninsular region. The majority of areas recently affected by large wildfires in both regions have been correctly classified by the ANN model as 'high fire probability'. Hence, the use of an Artificial Neural Network is efficient and robust for understanding the probability of wildfire occurrence in Italy and other similar complex landscapes. • Artificial neural network (ANN) for estimating probability of wildfire occurrence. • ANN shows a more robust predictive power than regressive models. • Shrublands was surprisingly less important than the other land cover variables. • Human predictors do not show much importance individually. • The importance of each single driver differs among the study areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and Aim: Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) may develop liver metastases. Surgical resection remains the best treatment of choice for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) according to resectability criteria, with a long-term survival of 25% up to 41% after 5 years. Advanced age is associated with a higher incidence and co-morbidity, particularly cardiovascular disease, as well as deteriorating physiological reserves. The aim of this study was to analyse the overall and disease-free survival for patients with CRLM according to their chronological age.Methods: Patients with CRLM were enrolled in the study. Data on gender, age, co-morbidity, metastasis characteristics (number, size and total metastatic volume (TMV)), use of perioperative chemotherapy and operative and post-operative complications were collected. Then, according to recent World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, the patients were grouped by age. Statistical analysis was performed using the software R (ver. 2.14.1).Results: Hepatic resection was performed in 149 patients (21 patients in the very elderly group, 79 in the elderly group and 49 in the younger group). The three groups were comparable in terms of operative duration, transfusion rate, length of high-dependency unit (HDU) stay and post-operative hospital stay. The very elderly group showed a non-significant increase in post-operative morbidity. The 30-day and 60-day/inpatient mortality rates increased with age without any significant statistically difference between the three groups (very elderly group 4.8% and 4.8%; elderly group: 2.5% and 3.8%; and younger group 0% and 2%). At 5 years, the overall survival was 28.6% for very elderly patients (≥75 years), 33.3% for elderly patients (≥65 to <75 years) and 43.5% for younger patients (≤65 years). The 1-, 3- and 5-year disease-free survival was similar across the groups.Conclusions: Liver resection for CRLM in carefully selected patients above the age of 75 can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates, similar to those in younger patients. Moreover, the severity of CRLM in elderly patients is proven to be lesser than in younger patients. Thus, we can conclude that advanced chronological age cannot be considered a contraindication to hepatic resection for CRLM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Progressive functional impairment with age has a significant impact on perioperative risk management. Chronic liver diseases induce a strong oxidative stress; in the elderly, in particular, impaired elimination of free radicals leads to insufficient DNA repair. The events associated with a weak response to growth factors after hepatectomy leads to a decline in liver regeneration. Hypercholesterolemia is highly prevalent in the elderly, which may alter the coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) levels and in turn the cellular energy balance. This condition is commonly treated with statins. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of preoperative cellular energy balance in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) postresection outcomes.Materials and Methods: In a 5-year period (2009-2013), elderly patients with hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus, undergoing HCC resection, were recruited and grouped by age (<75 and ≥ 75 years old). All patients were previously treated with statins. The risk factors associated with hospital morbidity/mortality and prolonged length of stay (LOS) were evaluated.Results: Forty-five elderly patients were recruited and grouped according to their treatment: Group 1 (n = 23) was treated with statins alone (control group), whereas Group 2 (n = 22) was treated with statins and a CoQ analogue, 3 weeks from the surgery and at least a month later (experimental group). The majority of our patients were treated with atorvastatin [n = 28 (53.84%)] and the minority with simvastatin [n = 17 (32.69%)], 20 mg/day, for at least 3 years before the surgery. Perioperative mortality was observed in one patient of Group 1 (4.3%). Morbidities were noted in 13 patients of Group 1 (56.5%) and four patients of Group 2 (18.2%). The control group showed delayed functional recovery, muscle weakness, increased infection rate, and pleural effusion due to prolonged bed rest (hospital stay 13 days (7-19) vs. 8.5 days (5-12)), compared with the experimental group. The overall survival at 5 years was similar for both groups (n = 10 patients (43%) in Group 1 vs. n = 10 patients (45%) in Group 2).Conclusion: In the elderly population, survival is closely linked to postoperative morbidity and mortality. In our study, prolonged LOS was found to be related to delayed bioenergetic recovery. When limited, risk factors such as infections, neutropenia, and red blood cell transfusions could lower LOS and mortality of elderly patients with HCC. Higher age was associated with greater postoperative morbidity and successful hospital stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: CRC often arises from polyps: an early detection and resection are effective in decreasing both incidence and mortality rate. Relation between risk factors, adenomas and CRC have been showed, but there is little evidence for overweight association with preneoplastic lesions. This study analyzed the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and primitive site of polyps.Methods: We performed a retrospective study, in a period between January 2010 and October 2014. Subjects aged 50 years and older who underwent their first-time screening colonoscopy were included. Reports regarding characteristic of the polyps were collected.Results: 142 patients were enrolled and they were divided into two groups: group I - patients with left sided colonic polyps, and group II - patients who right sided colonic polyps. The ANOVA test-one way, documents a difference between the BMI and the colon localization of polyps.Conclusions: Patients with overweight had a higher risk to develop lesions in the left colon compared to patients with normal weight. Despite the fact that Italian epidemiological studies have found a prevalence of polyps of 44-53% in rectal-sigmoid segment, 32-36% in transverse segment and of 14-20% in right segment, we showed an incidence of 26.05% for right sided polyps, which maybe related with the eating habits of the territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although widely adopted, the use of a uterine manipulator during laparoscopic treatment of endometrial cancer represents a debated issue, and some authors hypothesize that it potentially may cause an increased risk of relapse, particularly at specific sites.Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the risk and site of disease recurrence, overall survival, and disease-specific survival in women who had laparoscopic surgery with and without the use of a uterine manipulator.Study Design: Data were reviewed from consecutive patients who had laparoscopic surgery for endometrial cancer staging in 7 Italian centers. Subjects were stratified according to whether a uterine manipulator was used during surgery; if so, the type of manipulator was identified. Multivariable analysis to correct for possible confounders and propensity score that matched the minimize selection bias were utilized. The primary outcome was the risk of disease recurrence. Secondary outcomes were disease-specific and overall survival and the site of recurrence, according to the use or no use of the uterine manipulator and to the different types of manipulators used.Results: We included 951 patients: 579 patients in the manipulator group and 372 patients in the no manipulator group. After a median follow-up period of 46 months (range,12-163 months), the rate of recurrence was 13.5% and 11.6% in the manipulator and no manipulator groups, respectively (P=.37). Positive lymph nodes and myometrial invasion of >50% were associated independently with the risk of recurrence after adjustment for possible confounders. The use of a uterine manipulator did not affect the risk of recurrence, both at univariate (odds ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 0.80-1.77) and multivariable analysis (odds ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.60-1.70). Disease-free, disease-specific, and overall survivals were similar between groups. Propensity-matched analysis confirmed these findings. The site of recurrence was comparable between groups. In addition, the type of uterine manipulator and the presence or not of a balloon at the tip of the device were not associated significantly with the risk of recurrence.Conclusion: The use of a uterine manipulator during laparoscopic surgery does not affect the risk of recurrence and has no impact on disease-specific or overall survival and on the site of recurrence in women affected by endometrial cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Remote monitoring (RM) permits home interrogation of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and provides an alternative option to frequent in-person visits. Objective: The Italia-RM survey aimed to investigate the current practice of ICD follow-up in Italy and to evaluate the adoption and routine use of RM. Methods: An ad hoc questionnaire on RM adoption and resource use during in-clinic and remote follow-up sessions was completed in 206 Italian implanting centers. Results: The frequency of routine in-clinic ICD visits was 2 per year in 158/206 (76.7%) centers, 3 per year in 37/206 (18.0%) centers, and 4 per year in 10/206 (4.9%) centers. Follow-up examinations were performed by a cardiologist in 203/206 (98.5%) centers, and by more than one health care worker in 184/206 (89.3%) centers. There were 137/206 (66.5%) responding centers that had already adopted an RM system, the proportion of ICD patients remotely monitored being 15% for single- and dual-chamber ICD and 20% for cardiac resynchronization therapy ICD. Remote ICD interrogations were scheduled every 3 months, and were performed by a cardiologist in 124/137 (90.5%) centers. After the adoption of RM, the mean time between in-clinic visits increased from 5 (SD 1) to 8 (SD 3) months (P<.001). Conclusions: In current clinical practice, in-clinic ICD follow-up visits consume a large amount of health care resources. The results of this survey show that RM has only partially been adopted in Italy and, although many centers have begun to implement RM in their clinical practice, the majority of their patients continue to be routinely followed-up by means of in-clinic visits. (Interact J Med Res 2013;2(2):e27) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper gives practical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis. Statements have been elaborated by working teams of experts, by searching for and analysing the literature, and submitted to a consensus process by using a Delphi modified procedure. The statements report recommendations on clinical and nutritional approach, assessment of pancreatic function, treatment of exocrine pancreatic failure and of secondary diabetes, treatment of pain and prevention of painful relapses. Moreover, the role of endoscopy in approaching pancreatic pain, pancreatic stones, duct narrowing and dilation, and complications was considered. Recommendations for most appropriate use of various imaging techniques and of ultrasound endoscopy are reported. Finally, a group of recommendations are addressed to the surgical treatment, with definition of right indications, timing, most appropriate procedures and techniques in different clinical conditions and targets, and clinical and functional outcomes following surgery. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper analyses how a motorway concessionaire faces the challenge posed by the raise of road traffic volumes in the North-East of Italy. The concessionaire has planned to invest in the near future a large amount of money in the network upgrade. The construction phases will predictably induce the risk of traffic congestions. Then an intelligent traffic management system becomes necessary to support the management in making decisions on the traffic control, especially during emergencies and unusual conditions. In this perspective, the concessionaire is going to adopt a governance system and the related codes of conduct to operate also according to fundamental sustainability values. To this purpose, the balanced scorecard model is adopted. In particular this paper describes how the balanced scorecard model, originally developed for use in the private sector, has been adapted for use in a modern motorway concessionaire firm to estimate its corporate efficiency and to evaluate environmental and social performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]