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The adoption of natural construction materials can help mitigate the environmental impact of the construction industry by reducing the amount of energy required and emissions. Among the natural materials, bamboo is a remarkable option, combining high mechanical resistance with a low specific weight and a very high growth speed; however, its application is limited by the absence of a suitable grading method. This paper aims at filling this lack by providing a strength-based grading methodology relying on a four-point bending test. Experimental results were processed considering bamboo both as a homogeneous material and as a non-homogeneous material and using the ANOVA test. Results show that statistical groups can be defined which are not based on the bamboo species, but on the values of the mechanical properties, hence supporting the appropriateness of strength classes. The bending tests used in this paper could be a crucial test for bamboo grading: it is easier to perform than a tensile test and it gives complete information on the change of material properties along the culm wall thickness. The study focuses on six different species of bamboo grown in Italy, for which little data is present in the literature. • Four-point bending test could be a crucial test for bamboo grading. • The flexural properties of six species of bamboo grown in Italy are discussed. • A strength-based grading methodology based on a four-point bending test is provided. • A classification scheme can be defined based on the mechanical properties of bamboo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]