1. Relationship Between Loss of Y Chromosome and Urologic Cancers: New Future Perspectives.
- Author
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Russo, Pierluigi, Bizzarri, Francesco Pio, Filomena, Giovanni Battista, Marino, Filippo, Iacovelli, Roberto, Ciccarese, Chiara, Boccuto, Luigi, Ragonese, Mauro, Gavi, Filippo, Rossi, Francesco, Savoia, Cosimo, Suraci, Paolo Pietro, Falabella, Roberto, Pandolfo, Savio Domenico, Napolitano, Luigi, Leoni, Chiara, Trevisan, Valentina, Palermo, Giuseppe, Racioppi, Marco, and Sacco, Emilio
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CANCER risk factors , *RISK assessment , *GENOMICS , *CANCER invasiveness , *URINARY organs , *TUMOR markers , *SEX chromosome abnormalities , *MEDLINE , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *MEN'S health , *DISEASE susceptibility , *OVERALL survival , *DISEASE complications - Abstract
Simple Summary: This research examines how the loss of the Y chromosome (LoY) in men may contribute to the development and progression of certain cancers, particularly in the urinary system. Traditionally, the Y chromosome was primarily associated with male sex determination and sperm production, but recent studies suggest it plays a wider role in health and disease. LoY appears to disrupt immune function and increase genetic instability, factors that may heighten cancer risk and impact treatment outcomes. Our review highlights that LoY could serve as an early indicator of certain cancers and might help predict cancer behavior. Understanding LoY's role could lead to new diagnostic tools and treatments, especially for cancers where Y chromosome alterations are linked to poorer outcomes. Background: The Y chromosome (ChrY) is essential for male sex determination and spermatogenesis. However, recent studies have revealed its broader role in various physiological processes and disease susceptibility, including cancer. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases like MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The review included clinical and preclinical studies in animals and humans focusing on the role of LoY in urological tumors. Data on the frequency of LoY, its clinical implications, and underlying mechanisms were extracted and analyzed. Results: The evidence suggests that LoY is associated with an increased risk of urologic neoplasms, potentially serving as an early marker of genomic instability. Studies reveal that LoY in urologic cancers correlates with worse survival outcomes and may contribute to tumor progression. LoY may interfere with chromatin structure and epigenetic regulation, suggesting its role as a contributor to early tumorigenesis. Conclusions: LoY appears to be a structural aberration with unique biological and clinical relevance in urologic cancers, possibly serving as a biomarker for genomic instability. Further research is necessary to identify specific Y-linked genes affected by LoY, potentially informing targeted therapies and early diagnostic strategies for these cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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