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Over the past decade, egg freezing has evolved from being an experimental medical technology to become a commercial enterprise, accompanied by heated feminist debate. This study examined the views of Danish and Israeli female students regarding the financing of social egg freezing (SEF) (self, state, employer or family), and their correlation with country and feminist identity. A total of 569 female students (283 from Denmark and 286 from Israel) completed a questionnaire composed of closed and opened-ended questions on SEF financing under different circumstances (e.g. career advancement, lack of a partner, lack of money). The majority of female students in both countries supported SEF self-financing. They wanted to keep fertility choices in the private domain, in part by separating the bodies of women from the state and the employer. We conclude that SEF exemplifies a neoliberal and gendered responsibilisation of women's reproductive futurity, yet self-identification as a feminist was found to be correlated with stronger support for state financing. In contrast, we found no correlation between feminist identity and support for company-sponsored egg freezing. Our findings suggest a relationship between holding a feminist worldview and public policy preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study seeks to compare attitudes towards family life and gender roles between Generation X and Generation Y, focusing on the ages of 18-29, a period regarded as that of emerging adulthood. Most of the academic scholarship on this issue focuses on Western and Anglo-American individuals, their values and perceptions. By contrast, our article explores questions of gender roles and family life among Generations X and Y in the Middle Eastern country of Israel, utilizing the perspectives of the Second Demographic Transition and the Stalled Gender Revolution. Using the 1994, 2002, and 2012 waves of the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) module on Family and Gender Roles, our findings indicate that Israeli Gen Y young adults tend to report more conservative perceptions regarding family and gender roles than their Gen X counterparts. This is generally explained by a higher level of religiosity among Israeli young adults from Gen Y. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heterogeneous economic results of divorce have received limited attention. The current study analyzes such consequences from an intersectionality perspective, where heterogeneity is expressed not only in gender groups, but also in the locations of women and men on the earnings distribution scale. We also examine whether remarriage and welfare support have differing effects on income across these groups. The study uses a unique dataset in Israel that merges administrative data from the tax authorities (employment income and pensions) with the National Insurance Institute database (socio-demographic information and allowances). Applying two-level ("mixed") panel models combined with quantile regressions, we investigate the post-divorce income of women and men by tertile, as well as in the top percentile of each gender group. Results show that the most vulnerable group among men is low income, while the most immune group of men is very high income. For women, however, differences between classes are small; across the board, women's post-divorce income decreases by at least a third. Thus, while the effect of divorce on men's income depends upon their earnings level, its effect on women's income is negative even in the top percentile. Remarriage has a differential effect on income based on location on the income distribution scale only for men. The welfare policy effect on income is gendered: regardless of earnings group, allowances are negatively related to income for women and positively related for men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Danish and Israeli students are knowledgeable about fertility preservation. • Danish students know more about age-related infertility than Israeli students. • Danish students express a higher interest in future gamete preservation. • More research needs to focus on men's perspectives on fertility preservation. What do Danish and Israeli students of both sexes know about age in relation to fertility and gamete preservation, and what are their concerns and intentions for the future in this regard? A cross-sectional comparative study of male and female Danish and Israeli students was conducted between November 2018 and April 2019. A total of 1010 students, 508 from Denmark and 502 from Israel, completed questionnaires assessing knowledge, perceptions and intentions regarding gamete preservation. More than 70% of both genders in Israel thought that women start experiencing fertility decline at age 35 and up. A total of 60% of Danish women and 51% of Danish men chose 29–34 as the time where fertility decline starts. Some 95% of Danish students chose 20–29 as the best age for egg freezing, while the corresponding number in Israel was 85%, regardless of gender. In total, 51% of Israeli women said they are extremely or very worried about future infertility, compared with 31% of Danish women, 26% of Israeli men and 12% of Danish men. Regarding preservation intentions, no gender differences were found. Some 3% of Israeli students said they would consider gamete preservation, as compared with 14% of Danish students. These findings suggest a widespread worry among Danish and Israeli women about their future fertility. Danish students report more awareness of age-related fertility decline. Unique to this study is the inclusion of male students. The preliminary findings reveal that men are less worried about their reproductive future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to learn how women perceive invisible work and how it affects their lives. This article contributes to the integration of different manifestations of invisible work into a conceptual whole, especially in light of the fact that most research has confined itself to only one aspect such as care work, housework, or volunteering. Nine group interviews were conducted with Israeli mothers from differing ethnic, religious, class, and age groups. Analysis reveals that the distinctions between aspects of invisible work, such as housework and care work and between activities belonging to the private and public spheres are much more blurred in women's lives than might be inferred from the academic literature. Furthermore, throughout the life course of women the meanings and expressions of invisible work evolve creating a continuous struggle. In describing their everyday activities, women challenge the socially constructed binary oppositions in the context of the neoliberal economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examines the relationship between the employment stability of first-marriage couples and risk of divorce in Israel. This research question is of particular interest owing to the centrality of the family in Israeli society, rising divorce rates, and increasing employment instability and 'deregulation' of the labor market. We capture employment instability through two dimensions: the pattern of employment instability within couples and the continuity of each partner's employment instability. We utilize this conceptualization to identify the link between employment instability and divorce, focusing on gender and socioeconomic resources. Data were from combined Israeli census files for 1995-2008, annual administrative employment records from the National Insurance Institute and the Tax Authority, and the Civil Registry of Divorce ( N = 10,891 couples). Using a series of discrete-time event-history analysis models, findings indicate that husbands' employment instability, especially when wives have stable employment, increases the risk of divorce; employment stability continuity has opposite gender effects on that risk; and the effect of employment instability on divorce remains significant after taking into account household economic resources. The findings reveal asymmetric gender patterns of the effect of employment instability on divorce, beyond the socioeconomic resources of the household. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the relation between mixed-ethnicity couples and marital dissolution in Israel, an ethnically stratified immigrant society, including Jews from different continents and Israeli Palestinians. Findings indicate that, when defined broadly, mixed-ethnicity couples have higher divorce risks than endogamous couples. However, comparing mixed and non-mixed couples in terms of specific ethnic categories reveals a more complex picture. Only in a few cases did mixed-ethnicity couples have higher divorce risks than endogamous couples of the respective origin groups. Moreover, some endogamous couples were more prone to divorce than others. We claim that since ethnic categories are socially constructed, it is important to critically examine various categories. In doing so, we can learn about the complex relationship between ethnicity, educational and economic resources, and divorce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined in this study the implications of divorce for mothers' earnings, comparing the 1990s and the 2000s, and illuminating developments in welfare policy for single-parent families over those two decades. After the welfare reform of 2003, the economic autonomy of single mothers, established through a combination of welfare state-based benefits and paid labour, was delegitimised, with a turn toward the marketplace. Using a unique data set created for this research by merging Israeli census files for 1995-2008, annual administrative employment records from the National Insurance Institute and the Tax Authority, and data from the Civil Registry of Divorce, we found that most mothers tended to increase their income from paid labor following divorce. However, they did so significantly more prior to the welfare cuts than after the cuts. The results can inform policy discussions about how mothers' postdivorce earnings might be affected by welfare policy shifts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines to what degree the perceptions of distributive justice and society as a conflictive system mediate the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and attitudes toward the role of the state in reducing of inequality in Israel through redistribution. Definition of welfare state; Principles of distributive justice and support for the welfare state; Images of society and attitudes toward the welfare state.