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Objectives To assess the impact of a multi-tiered oral health education programme on care staff caring for people with intellectual disability ( ID). Methods Postal questionnaires were sent to all care staff of a community-based residential care service for adults, randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. A specifically developed training programme was delivered to residential staff nominees, who then trained all staff within the intervention group. The control group received no training. Post-test questionnaires were sent to both groups. Paired-samples t-test was used to compare oral health-related knowledge ( K) and behaviour, attitude and self-efficacy ( BAS) scores. Results Of the initial 219 respondents, 154 (response rate between 40% and 35.8%, with attrition rate of 29.7% from baseline to repeat) returned completed questionnaires at post-test ( M = 8.5 months, range = 6.5-11 months). Control and intervention groups were comparable for general training, employment and demographic variables. In the intervention group, mean Knowledge Index score rose from K = 7.2 to K = 7.9 ( P < 0.001) and mean BAS scale score rose from BAS = 4.7 to BAS = 5.4 ( P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant increase in mean scores from test ( K = 7.0, BAS = 4.7) to post-test ( K = 7.2, BAS = 4.9) for the control group. Conclusions Mean scores regarding knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy and reported behaviour increased significantly at 8.5 months in staff where training was provided. The results indicate that a multi-tiered training programme improved knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy and reported behaviour amongst staff caring for people with ID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]