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The purpose of this study was to quantify the general cancer support activities that long‐term carers of head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors engage in; and the relationships between these care activities and psychological well‐being. Respondents answered a survey detailing their caring activities, the amount of time that they spent on those activities and how comfortable they felt engaging in them. Psychological well‐being was assessed by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales‐21. A total of 197 carers took part in the study. The majority (76%) were women, mean age 57.4. Mean time since diagnosis was 6.2 years. In the past month, 45% of carers did not spend any extra time per week helping their relative/friend with general caring activities such as cleaning the house; 31% spent 1–19 hr/week and 23% spent 20 or more hours/week doing so. Most carers were comfortable assisting their relative/friend, though more carers felt uncomfortable assisting with HNC‐specific support tasks (31% uncomfortable helping with medication) compared with general support tasks (7% uncomfortable helping with appointments). Feeling uncomfortable with head and neck‐specific care tasks was a significant predictor of experiencing depression and anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Solid organ transplant recipients have an increased cancer risk owing to immunosuppression and oncogenic viral infections. We report on the incidence and types of bladder cancer in kidney transplant recipients in Ireland, describing possible additional risk factors and outcomes in these patients., Methods: We identified kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with de novo bladder cancer between January 1, 1994, and July 31, 2012, by integrating data from the Irish National Cancer Registry and National Renal Transplant Registry. We calculated the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and examined patient and tumor characteristics and 1-year survival rate., Results: Fifteen patients were diagnosed with de novo bladder cancer during the study period, representing 0.48% of kidney transplant recipients. The SIR was 2.5 (95% CI, 1.4-4.2; P < .001). The mean interval between transplantation and diagnosis of bladder tumor was 8.6 years and mean age at time of diagnosis was 55.7 years. Sixty percent of patients were male. The tumor types were transitional cell carcinoma (9 patients), squamous cell carcinoma (3 patients), adenocarcinoma (1 patient), carcinoma in situ (1 patient), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (1 patient). Beside immunosuppression, risk factors associated with bladder cancer were urogenital disease (6 patients), cyclophosphamide exposure (2 patients), BK nephropathy (1 patient), analgesic nephropathy (1 patient), and extensive smoking (1 patient). Eight patients underwent radical cystectomy for invasive tumors, with resection of other pelvic organs in 7 patients. Mortality rate within the first year was 40%., Conclusion: Bladder cancer occurred more commonly in kidney transplant recipients with a predominance of aggressive tumors and a high mortality. In patients with preexisting risk factors such as urologic abnormalities and cyclophosphamide exposure careful assessment before transplantation and vigilant monitoring posttransplantation with a low threshold for cystoscopy may improve outcomes., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)