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The total reported cases of Leishmaniasis infections in prior from 2008 to 2015 were 17001 which ranged from (2.9 - 10.5) / 100,000 individuals in Iraq. The highest cases were noted in the year 2015 (4000 cases). The study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of the IL17 cytokine, TGFβ1, MCP-1 and PGE2 in patients with Leishmaniasis and control groups. The results of the current study showed a higher significant P<0.05 in a concentration of IL17 cytokine in the patients' group 360.92 ± 82.766 pg/ml compared with the control group with a concentration of 38.974 ± 4.9219. The concentration of TGFβ1 level was higher significantly P<0.05 in the patients' group 309.57 ± 60.313 pg/ml than in the control group 124.17 ± 31.329 pg/ml. The results were significantly higher in the concentration of MCP-1 in the patients' group if compared with control group and noticed higher levels of MCP-1 as (218.87 ± 36.137) pg/ml and (78.541 ± 28715) pg/ml respectively as well as the concentration of PGE2 level were significantly highest in patients group with (1015.4 ± 107.41) pg/ml than the control group (308.76 ± 46.879) pg/ml. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]