Search

Traditional cities were social, economic, political, cultural and structural units that grew and developed dynamically within specific spatial spaces under the influence of the contemporary architectural currents. These currents which, frequently, accompanied by uncertainty, caused the positive or negative transformations of the architectural character of those cities in order to be immunized from influential intellectual currents, and to understand the state of development and change in traditional cities according to the principles of sustainability, many concepts have emerged to confront the evolving urban problems among which is the concept of Hybridization. Hybridization is used to control and develop the transformation process taking place in cities and to create a state of balance between tradition and modernity in the development of future cities. Hybridization connects people and activities at common points and stems from these points and other connected pathways in other places. The research aims to build a theoretical framework on the types of hybridization and its applications on the texture of the Citadel of Erbil, one of the northern governorates of Iraq, measuring the interventions of the types of hybridization through the shape of the open spaces, the pattern of movement axes, and the functional hybridization resulting from the restoration and rehabilitation operations of the Erbil Citadel. The importance of the set research objective to build a holistic model of the concept of Hybridization becomes clear. A model that covers types, levels and extents in which Hybridization interventions work in historical urban fabric. The research assumes that crossbreeding interventions in urban areas are associated with a set of factors that determine the type of crossbreeding to be consistent with the urban fabric and sustainable with the current time. The research relied on the description and statistical analysis related to the types of sustainable hybridization and its homogeneity with the ancient urban fabric of the Erbil Citadel and direct recording, measuring the rates of change. Through using computer programs to draw the plans of the Citadel of Erbil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Efficient use of Energy and the usage of renewable forms of energy are considered to be key concepts of sustainable architectural design. Our country, Iraq, including the city of Kirkuk, is one of the developing cities that witnessed an increase in the population and thus the expansion of the city, and due to the lack of local studies in the field of sustainability and energy efficiency, the need for research in the field of applying these concepts in designing buildings to save local energy has emerged. This study examines the potential for sustainable architectural design in the city of Kirkuk, Iraq. The research specifically focuses on analysing the environmental performance of a ten-story multi-storey building to determine the optimal form and orientation that would minimise energy consumption and yield environmental and economic benefits. Building Information Modelling (BIM) and simulation were used to evaluate the energy consumption of six different building models over a 12-month period. Results indicate that the T -shaped model had the lowest energy consumption at a rotation angle of 285˚, providing valuable insights for the design and construction of energy-efficient buildings in Kirkuk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]