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This study was included the estimation of a total number of bacteria (TB), a total number of coliform (TC), E. coli and molds and yeasts in 39 irrigation water samples, 75 soil samples, 75 paddy samples and 75 rice samples, in addition to estimation of aflatoxin in 75 rice samples. Three fields of each province, Diyala and Salah Al-Din were used to collect samples. Iraqi Quality Standardization (IQS) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) were considered the limits for microbiological analyses. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine aflatoxin, and the Commission of the European Communities (CEC) was considered the limits, 4 μg/kg. The results showed that all irrigation water samples were exceeded the permissible limit for total coliform, molds and yeasts, while all soil and paddy samples were exceeded for total bacteria, total coliform and molds and yeasts. Rice samples were exceeded for only molds and yeasts. E-Coli in soil and rice was less than 3 bacteria/g, which was the detection limit, while in water and paddy was less than the FDA limit. The molds and yeasts counts were very high, for example, molds and yeasts of paddy and rice were ranged from (2.06-21.5) x107 cfu/ml, (1.20-12.0) x 106 cfu/g, respectively, while the limit was102-104. The number of samples that exceeded the permissible limit of total aflatoxin was 66 samples out of the 75 rice samples and the highest detected value was 16.40 μg/kg. In conclusion, rice samples were considered unsafe for human consumption from the fields and irrigation water and soil were the sources of the contamination therefore treatment for irrigation water should be strongly considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many harrowing equipment used by farmer for land preparing, to help farmer in choosing best equipment as secondary tillage equipment field experiment conducted in the field located in the faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Mosul University, Iraq. The goal of this paper is made comparison between the most types of harrowing are used and chose the best as recommended equipment for harrowing. This comparison consists of Disc harrow and Spring tin harrow most equipment used by farmer for land preparing after the main tillage, two forward speeds (7.63 and 9.33 Km/hr.) for land harrowing in previously land ploughed by chisel plow and moldboard plow (primarily tillage equipment). The comparison parameters include draft force, slippage percentage for Tractor tire, soil clods number, effective width for harrowing and field capacity. The results showed that spring tin harrow conducted less draft force 4.08 KN and slippage percentage 4.72% which indicates less effect on tractor whereas the disc harrow conducted less number 15.33 of soil clods which indicates better land preparing. Harrowing land previously ploughed by moldboard plow recorded highest value 5.308 KN for draft force than land plowed by chisel plow which records lower draft force 3.94 KN. The highest field capacity 7.06 dounm/hr and highest effective width 206.25 cm recorded in forward speed 9.33 km/hr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a survey conducted to analyze the prevalence of cancer in Iraq among young patients. It informs that data related with 100 patients presented with colorectal cancer (CRC) between January 2008 and December 2009 is presented. It reports several incidences of CRC in economically transitioning countries.