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The total reported cases of Leishmaniasis infections in prior from 2008 to 2015 were 17001 which ranged from (2.9 - 10.5) / 100,000 individuals in Iraq. The highest cases were noted in the year 2015 (4000 cases). The study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of the IL17 cytokine, TGFβ1, MCP-1 and PGE2 in patients with Leishmaniasis and control groups. The results of the current study showed a higher significant P<0.05 in a concentration of IL17 cytokine in the patients' group 360.92 ± 82.766 pg/ml compared with the control group with a concentration of 38.974 ± 4.9219. The concentration of TGFβ1 level was higher significantly P<0.05 in the patients' group 309.57 ± 60.313 pg/ml than in the control group 124.17 ± 31.329 pg/ml. The results were significantly higher in the concentration of MCP-1 in the patients' group if compared with control group and noticed higher levels of MCP-1 as (218.87 ± 36.137) pg/ml and (78.541 ± 28715) pg/ml respectively as well as the concentration of PGE2 level were significantly highest in patients group with (1015.4 ± 107.41) pg/ml than the control group (308.76 ± 46.879) pg/ml. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium, and Blastocystis are some parasites primarily responsible for human infections. Giardia lamblia, also known as Giardia intestinalis or Giardia duodenalis, is a common pathogenic protozoan found in the human duodenum and jejunum that causes giardiasis. This study collected stool and blood samples from patients with diarrhea aged less than 1 month to 15 years, from September 2020 to December 2020, in Thi-Qar province. Our study aimed to reveal the diagnosis of Giardia lamblia using direct microscopy examination and detect some immunological parameters such as IL-17 and IL-35 in patients infected with giardiasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the genetic polymorphism and alleles frequencies of IL-17 rs2275913 G/A with the risk of low bone mineral density (osteoporosis and osteopenia). Furthermore studying the relation between some immunological and biochemical parameters with this disease in a sample of Iraqi pre and postmenopausal women. Methodology: In this study, we investigated about the IL-17 rs2275913 G/A polymorphisms and the risk of low bone mineral density (BMD) among 30 patients with osteopenia, 30 patients with osteoporosis and 30 healthy controls. Serum IL-17 level and its correlation with the IL-17 rs2275913 G/A genotypes were analyzed. The study was carried out from November 2020-January 2021 in Baghdad Teaching Hospital/Bone density examination unit/in Baghdad-Iraq. Conclusion: It is concluded that the IL-17 rs2275913 G/A genotype was not associated with increased risk for development of low (BMD) in Iraqi pre and postmenopausal women. Recommendation: Based on study conclusion, during menopause, it is important for women to have a DEXA scan to detect low BMD and receive appropriate care to prevent degradation of the micro-architecture of bone tissue, which increases the risk of bone fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The present study aims to determine whether the level of serum interleukin -17 and IL-17 receptors ( IL-17A) gene variant increases or decreases susceptibility to Allergic Rhinitis. Method: In this case-control study fifty patients with rhinitis and fifty apparently healthy persons as a control in Babylon province / Iraq were enrolled in this study. Results: the results of this study were shown significant difference in frequency of IL-17 A (rs2275913) A>G polymorphism between Rhinitis patients and controls .Also, there were significant difference in frequency of IL-17A (rs 2275913) between rhinitis patients and controls and there were significant increase in patient compared with control. Conclusion: The present study suggests that patients with AA allele for IL-17A (rs2275913) have increased susceptibility to rhinitis compared with GG allele, Also the present study suggests that IL-17A (rs2275913) is considered risk factor for Allergic Rhinitis. This study suggests that the level of IL-17 patients with rhinitis highly significant compared with healthy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a widespread health problem and considered one of the endemic diseases in Iraq. The dermal lesion occurs due to an obligate intracellular Leishmania parasite, which transmits by the bite of the infected female sandfly. This study aims to identify Leishmania species in Thi-Qar province/ South of Iraq and detect IL-17 level in serum of infected patients with L. tropica. The study was conducted in three local locations, Al-Hussein Teaching, Al-Suq Al-Shyokh General, and Al-Shatrah General Hospitals in the province for the period from the beginning of November 2018 to the end of October 2019. After clinical diagnosis, eighty out of two hundred forty-seven samples were selected for molecular examination by nested-PCR technique, where the lesion edge was injected by normal saline and pulled again to obtain the parasite DNA. Also, a measure of the IL-17 concentration level in serum of the patients with ELISA. The findings of the electrophoresis of the kinetoplast minicircle DNA gene showed that 65 samples were positive for cutaneous leishmaniasis, and observed two species of Leishmania spp. in the study area, 46 (57.5%) samples were L. tropica at 750bp and 19 (23.75%) samples were L. major. Serum IL-17 concentration recorded a significant increase among patients infected with L. tropica at different infection stages than control samples. Generally, the Nested-PCR technique is an accurate method for diagnosing clinical samples and molecular determination of Leishmania parasites. L. tropica is the dominant specie that caused CL in Thi-Qar province, while L. major recorded a low incidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In Iraq, a high prevalence rate of Toxoplasma gondii infection was reported and data about correlation between this infection and major depressive disorders were documented. Therefore, the aim of current study was to evaluate the association between levels of parameters related to chronic toxoplasmosis infection and depression in Iraq women. Method: In this study, 260 serum samples were collected from Iraqi women and divided into four groups as follow: G1 depressed women infected with toxoplasmosis, G2 women infected with toxoplasmosis but did not have depression, G3 depressed women without toxoplasmosis infection with toxoplasmosis, G4 apparently healthy persons. The following parameters were assessed TNF-a, IL-17, IL-33, TGF-b and dopamine. Statistical analysis was performed by using statistical analysis system. Results: Data from current study revealed elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-a, IL-33, IL- 17, as well as there was an increase in concentration of dopamine in G1. The mean ± SE levels for the three cytokines were (2444.69 ± 98.82, 3629.50 ± 61.10 and 1008.88 ± 36.35 pg/ml), respectively and the mean ± SE for dopamine was (387.33 ± 8.09 pg/ml), while TGF-b didn't show any elevation in its level in this group. Conclusion: Elevated levels of both proinflammatory cytokines and dopamine in depressed women who had chronic infection of toxoplasmosis may reflect the effect of chronic infection that may alter the expression of dopamine which skew the immune response towered Th17 that affect the expression level of proinflammatory cytokines and neutrophils response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]