Search

The worldwide pandemic Coronavirus (Covid-19) is a new viral disease that spreads mostly through nasal discharge and saliva from the lips while coughing or sneezing. This highly infectious disease spreads quickly and can overwhelm healthcare systems if not controlled. However, the employment of machine learning algorithms to monitor analytical data has a substantial influence on the speed of decision-making in some government entities. ML algorithms trained on labeled patients’ symptoms cannot discriminate between diverse types of diseases such as COVID-19. Cough, fever, headache, sore throat, and shortness of breath were common symptoms of many bacterial and viral diseases. This research focused on the numerous tendencies and projected expansion of the Iraq pandemic to encourage people and governments to take preventive measures. This work is an established basic benchmark for demonstrating machine learning's capabilities for pandemic prediction. The suggested approach for forecasting the number of COVID-19 cases can assist governments in taking safeguards to avoid the disease's spread. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of our strategy using publicly available datasets and models. A polynomial network is trained on this premise, and the parameters are optimized using frequent weighting. When compared to linear models, the polynomial model predicts better and is more effective in forecasting COVID-19 new confirmed cases. As well, it aims to analyze the spread of COVID-19 in Iraq and optimize polynomial regression. In time series-based models, curve fitting using frequent weighting to implement models such as linear regression and polynomial regression is utilized to estimate the new daily infection number. The datasets were collected from March 13, 2020, to December 12, 2021. The continuous COVID-19 pandemic puts both human lives and the economy at risk. If AI could forecast the next daily hospitalization number, it may be a useful tool in combating this pandemic sickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study was conducted in two selected sites representing some of the soils of Kirkuk and Erbil, northern Iraq, with a total of six pedons. Prospects are revealed and diagnosed morphologically. Samples from each horizon of each pedon were obtained from the soil of the study sites in order to carry out some laboratory tests for physical and chemical properties. In addition to that, unexcited soil samples were taken from the surface and subsurface diagnostic horizons to study the precise morphological characteristics. The results of examining the micro-morphological characteristics of the study sites' soil pedons confirmed the existence of pedogenic evolution, through the presence of some micro morphological features, including Argillans and Calcitans, as well as the presence of coating films on the outer surfaces of the interfacial gaps. The results also showed the presence of discontinuous mud films that are not integrated as for the dominant structure in most of the study soils pedons. It is the complex structure, which consists of the sub angular blocky and granular structures, as well as the spongy structure. The predominant pores are Channels and Vughs, partially coated with carbonate minerals and sometimes clay minerals. It was found that there is a clear discrepancy in the subsurface diagnostic horizons, since the dominance of the Calcic horizon and the Argillic horizon in the pedons soils of the study sites. These results confirm the significant effective role of Pedogenic processes and their activity in the inheritance and development of the studied soils represented by the processes of Eluviation or Illuviation and the formation of Illuvialhorizons. The study soils were classified within the order Aridisols and to the suborders Calsids and Argids. A great groups of Haplacalcids and Calciargids were diagnosed with the presence of the subgroups of TypicHaplacalcids and Typiccalciargids in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban land-cover change is increasing dramatically in most emerging countries. In Iraq and in the capital city (Baghdad). Active socioeconomic progress and political stability have pushed the urban border into the countryside at the cost of natural ecosystems at ever-growing rates. Widely used classifier of Maximum Likelihood was used for classification of 2003 and 2021 Landsat images. This classifier achieved 83.20% and 99.58% overall accuracies for 2003 and 2021 scenes, respectively. This study found that the urban area decreases by 16.4% and the agriculture area decrease by 5.4% over the period. On the other hand, barren land has been expanded up to more than 7% as well as increasing in water land that should probably due to flooding (almost 15% more than 2003). To reduce the undesirable effects of land-cover changes over urban ecosystems in Baghdad and in the municipality in specific, it is suggested that Baghdad develops an urban development policy. The emphasis of policy must be the maintenance an acceptable balance among urban infrastructure development, ecological sustainability and agricultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the groundwater quality and spatial distribution of the Basra province in the south of Iraq was assessed and mapped for drinking and irrigation purposes. Groundwater samples (n = 41) were collected from deep wells in the study area to demonstrate, estimate and model the Water Quality Index (WQI). The analysis of water samples integrated with GIS-based IDW technique was used to express the spatial variation in the study area with consideration of WQI. The physicochemical parameters, including pH, sodium (Na+), electrical conductivity (EC), chloride (Cl-), total dissolved solids (TDS), calcium (Ca2+), nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-), magnesium (Mg2+), and bicarbonate (HCO3-) were identified for groundwater quality assessment. The results of calculated WQI classify groundwater into three sorts. The results of WQI showed that 2.5%, 2.5% and 95% of the groundwater samples were classified as poor/very poor/unsuitable for drinking, respectively. The GIS tools integrated with statistical techniques are utilized for spatial distribution and description of water quality. Correlation analysis of groundwater data revealed that some parameters have actually a relationship that is strong with the other parameters and they share a common source of origin. Multivariate statistical techniques, especially cluster analysis (CA) and factor analysis (FA), were applied for the evaluation of spatial variations of forty-one selected groundwater samples. Cluster analysis confirmed that some different locations of wells have comparable sourced elements of water pollution, whereas factor analysis yielded three factors which are accountable for groundwater quality variations, clarifying more than 72% of the total variance of the data and permitted to group the preferred water quality. Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) models were applied in modeling the water quality index. Comparing different result values of the MLP network suggested that the values of MSE and r for the selected model are 0.1940 and 0.9998, respectively. Finally, it can be revealed that the MLP network precisely predicted the output, i.e. the WQI values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study covered the assessment of the natural radioactivity levels and heavy metals concentration in dust samples collected from selected schools in the holy Governorate of Karbala. The purpose of this study was to assess the radiological health and safety impact of dust pollution on the children going to school. Material and Methods: Sodium Iodide system (NaI [TI]) from BICRON and the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer from SHIMADZU were used to measure the natural radioactivity in terms of 238U, 232Th, and 40K, as well as the concentrations of some heavy metals in the dust samples. Results: The specific activity of 238U, Th232, and 40K in dust samples were 5.59± 0.1679 to 71.91±1.6561 Bq/kg, 1.36±0.0963 to 43.35±1.0434 Bq/kg, 66.94±1.638 to 417.91±13.721 Bq/kg, respectively. The external and internal hazard indices were 0.047 ± 0.001 to 0.449±0.011 and 0.062±0.00169 to 0.643±0.01583 respectively. The absorbed dose rate and radium equivalent values ranged from 8.21±0.215 to 76.83±1.968nGy/h and 17.45±0.458to 166.08±4.205 Bq/kg, respectively. The concentration of lead was within the range of 8.839-2.689 mg kg-1 and the concentration of Cd ranged from 0.141 mg kg-1 to less than the lower limit of detection of the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Conclusion: The absorbed dose rate, effective dose (indoor and outdoor), hazard indices, and radium equivalent values were within the range of values indicated in the UNSCEAR 2008 report. The levels of lead and cadmium concentration detected in some schools were due to dust pollution in the Schools environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]