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The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of trace elements in 150 samples of fruit juices (traditional and commercial) and the determination of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. We used from inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) to assess the element of concentration in the samples after microwave digestion (Ethos Up Mileston) process. The highest mean concentration was 273.8 ± 2.4 μg/L is related to Cu in traditional juice samples (Pomegranate) and the lowest was 0.3 μg/L is related to Cr in commercial juice samples (Grape). Heat-map analysis was also carried out for the clustering of trace elements. The Monte–Carlo simulation results revealed that the trend of target hazard quotient (THQ) for metals in all samples was Pb > Hg > Cd > As > Ni. The concentration of toxic elements in juice samples was sufficiently low, and all of the juices sold in Tehran were safe for consumers, but their presence in these juices cannot be neglected as long-term exposure can significantly influence human health risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to analyze Cu, Fe, and Pb contamination in sediments and also phytoremediation ability of bulrush (Typha Latifolia) and one-rowed water-cress (Nasturtium microphyllum) along the Jajrood River, Iran in 2022. In so doing, a total of 60 sediment and macrophyte samples were collected from four sites. The contents of the analyzed elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Also, the values of pollution index (PI), pollution load index (PLI), bioconcentration factor (BCF), bioaccumulation factor (BAF), transfer factor (TF) and metal accumulation index (MAI) were calculated. The results demonstrated that the average contents of Cu, Fe, and Pb were lower than those in the background, which presumably demonstrated natural sources of these metals. The greatest concentrations of analyzed elements for all the sediment and macrophyte samples were observed in specimens collected from S4 located at the end of the river, indicating the impact of anthropogenic entries from upstream areas on elemental accumulation in downstream section of the river. The values of PI reflected slight contamination. The higher BCF and lower translocation TF values of Fe and Pb in T. Latifolia and also Cu in N. microphyllum imply that these species could be suitable for their phytostabilization of above-mentioned elements from the sediment. This study provides evidenceas to the efficiency of T. Latifolia and N. microphyllum in bioremediation of Cu, Fe, and Pb in contaminated aquatic environments., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

The current study assessed the risk posed to Iranian consumers by oral exposure to a mixture of 20 pesticides and six metals in 96 fruit juice (FJ) samples (3 batches × 4 brands × 8 types of FJs) collected from Iran market. Concentrations of metals and pesticides in FJs were quantified by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. The mean concentration of all pesticides was below the maximum residue limits (MRLs) set by the European Union (EU). The calculated target hazard quotients (THQs) and total hazard index (HI) were <1.0 for all pesticides residue, indicating no risk. For the carcinogenic metals (As, Ni, and Pb), estimated incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs) at the 50th and 95th centiles were respectively 4.25 × 10−5 and 5.30 × 10−5 (for As), 2.85 × 10−5 and 3.71 × 10−5 (for Ni), and 2.84 × 10−8, and 3.97 × 10−8 (for Pb), indicating no risk. At the 50th and 95th centiles, HI for non-carcinogenic metals (Cd, Hg, and Cr) was <1.0, indicating no risk. Based on sensitivity analyses of the input variables, the concentration of metals and pesticides, and the FJs ingestion rate had significant influential impacts on the calculated THQ and HI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, articles regarding the concentration on potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in fillet trout (rainbow and brown) fishes were retrieved from Cochrane, Scopus, and PubMed databases between 1 January 1983 and 30 April 2020. The pooled concentration of PHEs in fillet trout fishes was meta-analyzed using a random-effect model (REM) and following the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks was calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method. The meta-analysis of 42 articles (43 data report) revealed that a sort of PHEs in fillet trout was 19,996.64 μg/kg ww for Fe; 1834.75 μg/kg ww for Co; 772.21 μg/kg ww for Cu; 335.78 μg/kg ww for Ni; 290.46 μg/kg ww for Se; 226.20for Cr; 178.11 μg/kg ww for Pb; 77.40 μg/kg ww for Hg; 19.40 μg/kg ww for Cd; and 3.66 μg/kg ww for inorganic As. The non-carcinogenic risk assessment indicated that the lowest and highest hazard index (HI) in the adults was Pakistan (0.0012) and Turkey (0.2388), respectively, and in children was Pakistan (0.0057) and Turkey (1.114), respectively. The non-carcinogenic risk was acceptable for adult consumers in all countries (HI > 1 value) but non-carcinogenic risk for children was not acceptable in Turkey. The sort of countries based on carcinogenic risk in the adults due to inorganic As was China (1.44E-06) > Iran (9.14E-08) > Turkey (4.45E-08) > Portugal (9.04E-10). The carcinogenic risk was threshold for adult consumers in China (CR < 10 -6 ). Consumption of fillet trout (rainbow and brown) content of PHEs in many countries cannot endanger the health of consumers.

Pollution levels of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) were studied performing enrichment factor, geo-accumulation index and ecological risk index. The most enriched elements which categorize as very high and extremely high enriched in different land-uses were in order of: commercial Cu (73.79)>Hg (66.55)>Pb (55.73)>Zn (46.15)>Cd (37.31); residential Pb (48.35)>Zn (34.79)>Cu (27.69)>Hg (22.96)>Cd (22.61) and industrial Zn (55.43)>Pb (51.52)>Cu (40.20)>Cd (26.29). In green lands sampling points, there weren't any elements with enrichment factor more than twenty. Based on the result of geo-accumulation index, commercial land-use appeared to be highly polluted with Cu, Pb and Zn. Residential land-use were highly polluted just in case of lead and industrial land-use were categorized as highly polluted in case of Zn, Pb and Cu. Hakanson's ecological risk index classified all of the land-uses except for green lands as very high ecological risk category. Factor analysis revealed that Cr, Mn, Ni, Fe and to a lesser extent Pb, Zn and As are from similar anthropogenic sources. Carcinogenic risk of Cr, Pb, As, Ni and Cd were found to be negligible for all land-uses for adult and children except for chromium in commercial land-use which exceed the safe level and need more attention in the future., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)