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Background & Aim: One of the most important measures to reduce errors in operating rooms is to identify the causes of errors and their risk factors. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the factors affecting the occurrence of errors and the barriers to reporting them from the perspective of surgical technology and anesthesia students at Alborz University of Medical Sciences, 2022. Materials & Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study in which all verified undergraduate surgical technology and anesthesia students were enrolled by census method. Data collection tools included demographic data and factors affecting the occurrence of errors, and barriers to error reporting questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26, descriptive, and analytical statistics with a significant level of 0.05. Results: 270 undergraduate surgical technology and anesthesia students took a part in this study. Findings indicate that the mean of the factors affecting the occurrence of errors was 2.62±0.74, and for the factors affecting error reporting it was 2.90±0.92. The highest mean score related to the field of environmental factors (2.82±0.85) among the factors affecting the occurrence of errors; and the scope of the reporting process (3.04±1.01) was one of the barriers to reporting errors. Conclusion: The results of this study showed providing standard clinical training fields can have a significant impact on reducing the occurrence of errors. On the other hand, reforming the error reporting process and encouraging students to report errors should also be a priority for the management of educational and therapeutic centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a considerable gap between standard care and routine practice for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in hospitalized surgical patients. In this case series study, we aimed to determine the appropriate use of VTE prophylaxis in surgical patients admitted to three ICUs of the largest referral hospital in Shiraz, Iran. Appropriate VTE prophylaxis rates in surgical patients admitted to the ICUs were investigated from April 20 to November 21, 2020. Totally 151 surgical patients met the inclusion criteria. Fifty-three percent of surgical patients admitted to the ICUs received appropriate VTE prophylaxis. The median VTE risk score according to the Caprini model was 8 (interquartile range: 4). According to the Caprini risk stratification model, 140 patients were at high risk for VTE (92.7%). The most significant percentage of patients (37.1%) received unfractionated heparin 5000 units twice a day. Here, we conclude that VTE prophylaxis in the postsurgical period and ICU admission was underutilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nurses, particularly critical care nurses, are exposed to high levels of stress and burnout. Burnout is associated with many deleterious consequences affecting health care outcomes. The present study is intended to determine the dimensions of burnout in nurses on surgical, medical and critical care units and its relationship with demographic characteristics. Methods: In this descriptive research study, performed at critical and non- critical care units, 743 nurses were randomly selected by quota sampling from medical sciences universities in Iran. Data collection instruments included a "demographic questionnaire" and the "Persian version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. Data were analyzed using SPSS20. Results: The findings showed that regarding all dimensions, the lowest level of burnout belonged to surgical wards whereas the highest level pertained to critical care wards indicating a significant difference among various aspects of burnout in different wards, i.e., surgery, medical, and critical care. There was no significant difference in gender, academic degree, and marital status in any of the aspects of burnout in critical care units; yet, the difference was significant between surgical and medical wards (P < 0.05). There were a negative significant correlation between some dimensions of burnout with age and nursing experience in critical care and medical wards (P < 0.05). Whereas in surgical wards, there were a positive significant correlation between some aspects of burnout with nursing experience and age (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study found that the critical care nurses have significantly higher level of burnout compared to the medical-surgical nurses. These results should be considered when planning burnout prevention schedules for nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The median time from the event leading to the spinal cord injury (SCI) to the time of decompressive surgery is estimated to be 6.9 days in Iran, which is much longer than the proposed ideal time (less than 24 h) in published guidelines. The current qualitative study aimed to determine the reasons for the observed decompression surgery delay in Iran from the perspective of neurosurgeons., Methods: This qualitative study is designed to perform content analysis on the gathered data from face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 12 Iranian neurosurgeons., Results: The findings of the current study suggest that patient-related factors constitute more than half of the codes extracted from the interviews. Overall, the type of injury, presence of polytrauma, and surgeons' wrong attitude are the main factors causing delayed spinal cord decompression in Iranian patients from the perspective of neurosurgeons. Other notable factors include delay in transferring patients to the trauma center, delay in availability of necessary equipment, and scarce medical personnel., Conclusion: In the perspective of neurosurgeons, the type of injury, presence of polytrauma, and surgeons' wrong attitude are the leading reasons for delayed decompressive surgery of individuals with SCI in Iran., (Copyright © 2021 Chinese Medical Association. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Cardiac penetrating trauma is a medical emergency that mostly affects young people. Based on the type of injury and associated complications, it can present as a surgical challenge and can lead to mortality., Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the complications of penetrating heart trauma among patients referred to Shahid Madani Hospital., Methods: In this retrospective descriptive study, the data of penetrating cardiac trauma patients referred to Shahid Madani hospital, Karaj, Tehran, from 2016-2019, were investigated. Information, including age, sex, cause of trauma, traumatized area and complications, was extracted and recorded in a data collection form. The data were evaluated statistically using SPSS v18., Results: A total of 44 patients were included in the study, where the mean age of the patients was 25 years. 73.3% of these patients were men and 26.7% were women. Knife stab wounds were the most prevalent cause of the trauma, present in 93.3% of patients. 73.3% of the patients had cardiac tamponade and 20% had a pneumothorax. The right ventricle was the most common site of the injury in 46.7% of the patients. A mortality rate of 3.4% was reported in this study., Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the highest penetrating heart rate trauma occurred among young people, and the most common cause of the trauma was a knife stab. The most common area of the injury was the right ventricular, and cardiac tamponade was the most common complication., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of early video-assisted thoracoscopic debridement in patients with the fibropurulent phase of parapneumonic empyema., Patients and Methods: 40 patients with parapneumonic empyema resistant to 2 weeks of antibiotic therapy, were randomly divided into 2 groups. In group 1 (20 patients), antibiotic therapy and irrigation was continued, and in group 2 (20 patients), video-assisted thoracoscopic debridement was performed. The 2 groups were compared in terms of therapeutic results., Results: The male/female ratio was 29/11. Group 1 included 16 men and 4 women with a mean age of 54 years, and mean hospital stay was 41 days. Group 2 consisted of 14 men and 6 women with a mean age of 51 years, and mean hospital stay was 23 days. Considering the therapeutic results, 12 patients in group 1 were cured by antibiotic therapy and irrigation, whereas 8 required decortication and pleurectomy with thoracotomy. In group 2, 18 patients were cured by video-assisted thoracoscopic debridement, and 2 underwent thoracotomy and decortication due to intraoperative bleeding. A significant difference in therapeutic results was noted between the groups (p = 0.028)., Conclusion: Video-assisted thoracoscopic debridement provides a high success rate and less invasive treatment for the early stages of empyema.