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Background: Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a member of the pro-inflammatory chemokine family that has been reported to be overexpressed in various human tumors. This chemokine contributes to cancer cell survival, proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression level and clinicopathological significance of IL-8 in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues compared with adjacent normal colorectal tissues in the Iranian population. Materials and Methods: The population of the study consisted of 45 pathologically confirmed patients with CRC, including CRC and adjacent control tissues. The expression levels of the IL-8 gene were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The correlation between the expression levels and the clinicopathological features was determined. Results: IL-8 gene expression was overexpressed in CRC samples compared with controls (fold change=5.5; P= 0.02). The area under the ROC curve for IL-8 indicates the potential of IL-8 as the diagnostic marker in CRC (P=0.012). Conclusion: IL-8, which is up-regulated in CRC tissues, can be used to distinguish inflammation-induced CRC from control samples. The significantly up-regulated level of IL-8 needs future investigation for consideration as a biomarker to evaluate the prognosis of CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high incidence rate of CRC demands early diagnosis of the disease and readiness of diagnostic biomarker. In present study, we have investigated c‐MYC, AXIN1, and COL11A1 expression levels in course of CRC progression and their correlation with demographics and clinical risk factors. Fifty‐five tumors and 41 normal tissues were obtained from Tumor Bank of Iran, total RNA was extracted, cDNA was synthesized, and RT‐qPCR was performed. Results were analyzed using Rest 2009 and SPSS software. Analysis at mRNA level showed upregulation of the two genes; c‐MYC with a p‐value of 0.001 and COL11A1 with an observed p‐value of 0.02, while a p‐value of 0.04 indicated AXIN1 downregulation. The observed overexpression of COL11A1 in stage 0 compared to other stages of CRC asserts importance of this gene in CRC prognosis. Moreover, statistical analysis confirms a significant correlation between expression of these genes and several clinical risk factors of CRC. Our study supports the importance of the studied genes and provides further information regarding the molecular mechanism of CRC. Further studies on these genes could elucidate their pivotal role for both early detection and/or diagnosis of CRC in addition to have important biomarkers for CRC management available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer with approximately 9,000 annual deaths worldwide. However, early detection can provide a high survival rate. The fecal DNA, as a non-invasive method for detecting the genetic markers, such as the TP53 gene, can be conducive to disease diagnosis . In this study, we aimed to investigate the presence of the TP53 mutations in the stool samples and their relationship with somatic mutations in the tissue samples of CRC patients from northwestern Iran. Method: In the present cohort study, tumor and stool samples were obtained from 64 CRC patients (mean age of 60), who were undergoing surgery. Total genomic DNA was extracted from the tissue and stool samples, and TP53 mutations were detected using the PCR-SSCP method, followed by direct sequencing. Differences between mutations were observed in the tumors, and the stools were examined using the McNemar method. Results: Of 64 CRC patients, 19 individuals (30%) demonstrated 27 point mutations in exons 5-7 of the TP53 in the tumor samples. Furthermore, analysis of the stool specimens revealed that the 22 mutations (81.5%) identified in the tumor specimens were also present in the stool of 12 patients (P = 0.063). Conclusion: Based on the results, the DNA from the tissue could be replaced with fecal DNA in the mutation detections for CRC. Given the non-invasive nature of fecal sampling, it can be desirable and acceptable for patients in molecular screening tests as it increases the screening rates and improves timely CRC diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that clinicopathological features of colorectal cancer (CRC) could be diverse in different CRC patients groups. The present study aimed to analyze the association between clinicopathological characteristics and the risk factors in different CRC patients groups, which is categorized by sex, family history, age, and also primary tumor site in the Iranian CRC patients. Method: In this cross-sectional study, we included 304 patients with CRC. The data of clinicopathological features were collected from documented pathology reports. Subsequently, we carried out multiple analyses to discover the association among these elements. Results: Our analysis demonstrated that there was a significant difference between men and women regarding the mean age at diagnosis, tumor locations, mean size of tumors, positive family history, smoking status, and physical activity (P <0.05). Out of all the patients, 22.4% had a positive family history of cancer. The patients with a positive family history just have lower mean age, body mass index (BMI), and higher physical activity compared with patients without family history of cancer (P <0.001). 31.9% of the patients were in the age group of below 55 and 68.1% were in the age group of 55. The majority of our patients in <55 age group were male, in which the subjects had higher physical activity and lower BMI, compared with patients in ≥55 group (P<0.05). Based on our analysis, there was no significant difference between pathological features such as tumor grade, stage, size, and the risk factors including BMI and physical activity in different tumor locations (P >0.05). Conclusion: Gaining information about the association between clinicopathological characteristics and the risk factors in CRC could provide a better understanding of disease pathogenesis and consequently, improve the management of diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) as a major health problem has increased globally. The etiology of CRC is among the critical issues. Smoking, obesity, and infectious diseases are probable risk factors of CRC. Meanwhile, chronic infections, such as chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is under investigation. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the rate of HBV genome infection in patients with CRC compared with healthy subjects’ colon tissues. Materials and Methods: Archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks of 157 patients who underwent total colonoscopy that were referred to hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, were enrolled. They were categorized into 66 CRC cases and healthy colon tissues as the control group. After DNA extraction from FFPE specimens a Syber Green Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was carried out. SPSS software version 16 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Of a total of 157 specimens, the mean age ± std. deviation of 66 patients with CRC was 59.3 ± 14.4, and 57.6% (38.66) of them were males. The mean age ± std. deviation of 91 healthy controls was 57.2 ± 14.6, and 57.1% (52) of them were males. By using real-time PCR we found that there were 6.4% (10.157) HBV positive, of them 9% (6.66) had CRC, and 4.4% (4.91) were healthy controls. Different variables did no t have any significant differences. Conclusion: Although some studies reported the association between HBV infection and CRC outcome, we could not prove it. It suggests the role of other risk factors in colorectal cancer incidence. Further studies with larger sample size and different study populations are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. There have been several studies reporting the proximal tumor shift, especially in Western countries. In the present study, we investigated the clinicopathologic and 0 anatomical distributions of colorectal tumors in Iranian CRC patients. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 258 patients with CRC from 2008 to 2013 were evaluated. Comparison of variables was performed using Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test depending on the nature of the data. Results: A total of 258 patients including 124 (48.1%) females and 134 (51.9%) males enrolled in this study. The majority of cancers were detected in the rectosigmoid, i.e., 98 (38%) followed by the left colon, i. e., 84 (32.6%) and the right colon, i.e., 76 (29.5%). In the present study, we observed the significant association between metastases, adjuvant therapy, family history, and history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) staging (P < 0.001). In univariate analysis, there was a strong association between overall survival (OS) and stage II CRC (P = 0.03). However, the predictive value was lost in multivariate analysis (P = 0.145). Conclusion: Unlike the majority of previous studies on Iranian CRC patients, we observed a considerably higher occurrence of right-sided colon cancers (84 versus 76). Although this phenomenon did not reach the statistical significance rate, based on recent studies on Iranian population including the present one, the pattern of anatomical distribution of colorectal tumors has been changed toward the proximal colon. This requires an urgent need to provide other strategies and complementary detecting approaches in order to identify proximal tumors in Iranian CRC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are known to have regulatory consequences for aberrant gene expression in cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression levels of long non-encoding RNAs, BACE1 (β-secretase1) and LINC-PINT (Long Intergenic Non-Protein Coding RNA, P53 Induced Transcript), in colorectal cancer (CRC) with clinicopathological parameters., Methods and Results: Bioinformatics analysis defining effectual signalling pathways Wnt. A total of 130 tissue samples (50 fresh CRC tissues with parallel adjacent normal tissues (ADJ) accompanied with 30 normal healthy control tissue samples) were collected from the Iranian population. mRNA expression analysis was performed via Real Time Q-PCR. Statistical analysis for comparing CRC expression levels with ADJ and normal healthy tissues were carried out using Kruskal-Wallis tests. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted for each LNC, separately. We discovered that PINT and BACE1 expression levels were decreased and increased respectively in CRC tumour samples compared with ADJ normal and healthy tissues. Clinicopathological parameter assessment revealed a significant relationship between PINT expression, tumour location, staging and distant metastasis (p < 0.009, p < 0.014, p < 0.008, respectively). Also, BACE1 over expression was significantly associated with tumour site (p < 0.009), metastasis (p < 0.017) and histological differentiation (p < 0.028) and staging (p < 0.017). Furthermore, ROC curve plotting showed LINC-PINT LNC-BACE1 may distinguish between early and late-stage of CRC, highlighting the value of both BACE1 and PINT as CRC progression biomarkers., Conclusion: We investigated two LNCRNAs (PINT and BACE1) as potential CRC prognostic biomarkers, which are imperative for early and effective medical intervention in CRC. Expression levels of PINT and BACE1 in CRC tissue samples may serve to identify metastasis earlier, increasing patient survival rates and expediating clinical treatment options., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Aims: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of important malignancies in the world and is the most frequent gastro-intestinal cancer. There is limited data on epidemiologic features and related factors of this malignancy in Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic features and survival analysis of colorectal cancer and some of its related factors in Iran. Materials & Methods: This case series descriptive study was performed on 241 colorectal cancer patients who referred to a hospital in Tehran from 2004 to 2009. Data collection was based on medical records and phone calls. Survival analyses were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier and Cox-regression methods in order to determine the survival and compare the survival rates in subgroups. Data was analyzed by SPSS 15 software. Results: Mean age of participants was 59.7±14.7 years, 22.4% were smoker and 24.5% had family history of CRC. Rectum cancer was the most common anatomic site of CRC and cancer grading reported well differentiation in most cases. 83.8% of study units were alive till the end of study. The mean survival time was 56.5±1.9 months. The lowest and highest mean survival time were 47.7±5.8 for secum cancer and 61.1±3.2 for non smokers respectively. The highest odds ratio of survival was 2.12 (95% CI: 0.28-15.87) and belonged to patients with rectum cancer. Conclusion: The mean survival time for CRC is about 5 years and depends on some risk factors. Evaluation of these risk factors seems to be necessary in lower ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interstitial collagenas-1 degrades a variety of extracellular matrix components. A single Guanine insertion polymorphism in the promoter has been found that influences on the transcription and expression level of the gene. It is suggested that this polymorphism may enhance susceptibility to some types of cancer. Therefore, this case-control study evaluated the association of this genotype polymorphism with susceptibility to initiation and invasion of colorectal cancer. For this reason, whole blood samples were obtained from 150 CRC patients and 100 control subjects in Tehran. Genomic DNA was extracted and genotyped by PCR-RFLP method. We showed that 2G allele and 2G/2G genotype had higher frequencies in patients (60% and 39%, respectively) than in controls (47% and 23%, respectively). The CRC patients were divided into two groups: with metastasis (M+) and without metastasis (M-) groups. The 2G allele was more frequent in M+ group compared with control group. However, no significantly difference was observed between M-group and control (χ2 = 0.48, P = 0.78 for 2G/2G genotype). Further stratification analyses showed that only gender (OR = 2.58, 95% CI = 0.89-7.52 for women and OR = 4.12, 95% CI = 1.62-10.42 for men) and smoking (OR = 3.03, 95% CI = 1.28-7.16 for non-smokers and OR = 4.09, 95% CI = 1.18-4.15 for smoker) may modify the risk of colorectal invasion related to 2G/2G genotype. Furthermore, individual with 2G/2G genotype seems to spread metastasis, 3 years earlier than those who were 1G/1G and 1G/2G. In conclusion, to our knowledge, the present epidemiological study for the first time indicates the relationship of 2G/2G genotype polymorphism with invasion risk of colorectal cancer in subgroups of gender and smoking, especially in smoker men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and Objective: Colorectal cancer is the fourth prevalent cancer in the world and there are several factors effective on development of the disease. These factors vary based on geographical distribution. The present study is aimed at surveying epidemiology of colorectal cancer and its risk factors in Kermanshah-Iran between 2009 and 2014., Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on all colorectal cancer cases in two Kermanshah-based hospitals Imam Reza and Taleghani between 2009 and 2014. Demographic and epidemiological information was collected from the medical files and interviewing the patients. The collected data was analyzed in SPSS., Findings: Totally, 336 patients had been registered from 2009 to 2014. Mean and standard deviation of age was 59.98 ± 15.26. Fifty-four subjects (16.05%) had a history of colorectal cancer among their relatives and 253 (62.5) had no history of physical activity. In addition, 81 subjects (24.1%) had a history of digestive diseases. In terms of diet, 205 subjects (61%) used less than 6 unit/day of grains and bread, and meat consumption in 150 subjects (44.6%) was less than 2 unit/day., Conclusion: The results showed that the prevalence of colorectal cancers was growing in Kermanshah. To change the rate, changes in lifestyle and screening tests for more susceptible age groups are recommended.