1. Effects of White Noise Sound on the Severity of Muscle Vaccination Pain in Children Under Two Years.
- Author
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SHAMSALINIA, Abbas, FOTOKIAN, Zahra, ALIPOUR, Zahra Jannat, ZAHEDPASHA, Yadollah, and MOHAMMADKHAH, Fatemeh
- Subjects
IMMUNIZATION ,PAIN measurement ,NOISE ,SOUND ,THERAPEUTICS ,T-test (Statistics) ,CLINICAL trials ,STATISTICAL sampling ,ANALYSIS of covariance ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHI-squared test ,PAIN ,CASE-control method ,ACOUSTIC stimulation ,DATA analysis software ,COMPARATIVE studies ,FACIAL expression - Abstract
Objectives Pain and its control is a significant health problem worldwide. The present study aimed to determine the effects of white noise (bird sound) on the severity of muscle vaccination pain in children under two years old. Materials & Methods This study was a case-control study conducted in 2021. The samples included seventy children under two years old referred to the health centers in Ramsar City, Iran. The samples were selected using the convenient sampling method and divided into experimental and control groups. The data were collected using the demographic characteristics questionnaire, facial expression, and pain assessment in pediatric patients (FLACC). They were then analyzed by SPSS16 using an independent t-test and analysis of covariance (P<0.05). Results A significant difference was observed between the severity of muscle vaccination pain in children in the two groups (p=0.042); the pain intensity mean in the experimental group (6.45±2.01) was lower than the control group (8.94±1.28). Conclusion This method can be a harmless and inexpensive intervention to reduce pain intensity and behavioral pain responses in infants during painful procedures, especially vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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