Search

Background: The targeted therapy using breast cancer (BC)-associated biomarkers has significantly minimized the side-effects of BC treatment. This study aims to elucidate the role of Nectin2, NUF2, and Nectin4 gene expression in the pathogenesis of BC. Method: In this case-control study, the expression of Nectin2, Nectin4, and NUF2 genes was investigated through real-time polymerase chain reaction assay in 46 tumor tissues from BC patients and 46 adjacent non-tumorous tissues as a control group. Data were analyzed using SPSS-21 software, employing independent t-tests and oneway ANOVA. A P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The results demonstrated a significant increase in the expression of the NUF2 gene in tumor tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues (P = 0.005, fold change = 3.7). No statistically significant difference was observed in the expression of Nectin2 and Nectin4 between the tumor and adjacent tissues. However, higher expression of Nectin2 was noted in the early stages of the disease, particularly in subtypes with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), progesterone receptor positive (PR+), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2-). Furthermore, the expression of NUF2 and Nectin4 was elevated in advanced stages and triple-negative BC subtypes. Notably, the expression of these three genes was higher in patients aged ≤ 45 years. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the expression levels of NUF2, Nectin2, and Nectin4 genes may influence the initiation, progression, and pathogenesis of BC subtypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breast cancer results from genetic and epigenetic mutations, contributing significantly to cancer‐related morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and survival rates of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) among breast cancer patients in southwestern Iran over a ten‐year period. Methods: This retrospective cross‐sectional study aims to assess prognostic factors associated with survival in women diagnosed with breast cancer in Iran's southwestern region over a ten‐year period (2007–2017). Data were collected from patients who visited the Clinical Oncology Department at Golestan Hospital in Ahvaz (the breast cancer center of the Southwestern country). The study enrolled women diagnosed with TNBC using a census method and data from medical records. The primary outcome (survival rates) and secondary outcomes (demographic data, diagnostic stages, and three receptors estrogen receptors [ER], progesterone receptor [PR], human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2] status) were collected. Results: Breast cancer was diagnosed in 2641 women over ten years; TNBC was diagnosed in 227 individuals (8.59%). Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between negative ER status and TNBC (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the prevalence of TNBC differed significantly from that of other types of breast cancer (p = 0.0001). The variables of age, HER2, PR, and TNBC grade did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). The overall disease‐free survival rate over 5 years was 88.1%, while the rate for individuals without recurrence was 77.97%. Conclusion: This study highlights a differentially low incidence of TNBC in the southwestern part of Iran when compared to other regions; genetic or epigenetic influences may explain this discrepancy. ER‐negative status is a crucial prognostic indicator in diagnosing TNBC. The incidence of this disease is expected to rise by 100% in 2 years and 77.97% in 5 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The outcome of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly dependent on demographic factors and ethnicity. We aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological determinants of prognosis among women with TNBC using data from one of the largest breast cancer (BC) registries. Methods: A total of 6145 patients with BC from our referral center were evaluated from 1995 to 2018, among whom 523 had TNBC. The baseline, menstrual and reproductive, treatment and pathology related characteristics were evaluated. Results: Among TNBC patients, the rate of stage 3 and 4 BC (29.9% vs. 14.4% and 7.8% vs. 0% for stage 3 and 4, respectively; P < 0.001), invasive ductal carcinoma (90.7% vs. 75.6%; P = 0.004), nodal involvement (46.7% vs. 33.4%; P = 0.026), mastectomy (57.3% vs. 37.8%; P = 0.001) and axillary node dissection (76.7% vs. 59.8%; P = 0.019) was significantly higher in the group that developed recurrence. Disease-free-survival was 80.6% (157.76 ± 9.48 months) and overall-survival was 90.1% (182.73 ± 3.28 months). For death, stage 3 BC (compared to stages 0 and 1 as base) showed a higher risk of earlier death (adjusted HR: 4.191, 95% CI = 1.392-12.621; P = 0.011). For recurrence, stage 3 BC (adjusted HR: 1.044, 95% CI = 1.209-6.673; P = 0.017) (compared to stages 0 and 1 as base) showed significantly higher risk for developing earlier recurrence. Moreover, those who had invasive ductal carcinoma (compared to other types of BCs) had a higher risk for developing earlier recurrence (adjusted HR: 3.307, 95% CI = 1.191-0.724; P = 0.012). Conclusion: BC stage plays a significant role in both earlier recurrence and earlier mortality among patients with TNBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breast cancer can be categorized into different histopathological subtypes based on gene expression profiles. This study aims to evaluate the clinicopathological features and overall survival of various subtypes of breast cancer to assist diagnosis and guide treatment. Methods: The clinicopathologic features of 1095 patients with breast cancer diagnosed over a 10--year period between 2001 and 2011 were analyzed. The Kaplan--Meier method was used to analyze disease-free survival and overall survival. Calculation of the hazard ratio was conducted by multivariate Cox regression. Results: According to the clinicopathologic characteristics of 1095 cases, there were 42% luminal A subtype, 19.2% luminal B, 23% triple negative, and 15% HER2+. The lowest (46.88±12.59 years) and highest (50.54±12.32 years) mean ages were in the triple negative and HER2+ groups, respectively. There was a significant correlation between histology subtype and age, BMI, lymph node, type of surgery, and stage of disease. There was significantly shorter overall survival and disease free survival in HER2+ breast cancer patients (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that age had the highest hazard ratio of 2.481 (95% Confidence Interval: 1.375-4.477). Conclusion: The results of this study showed the importance of clinicopathological studies of molecular types which help early diagnosis and identification of the best strategy to treat breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]