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Notwithstanding the growing number of research on many aspects of audiovisual translation, cross-cultural pragmatics has remained under-investigated in audiovisual translation. The purpose of this paper is to examine the translation of general extenders—such as and stuff (like that) and or something in Persian dubbing and non)professional subtitling. Positioned at the crossroads of the pragmatics of fiction and audiovisual translation, the analysis presented in this article draws upon past research on English and Persian general extenders, as well as the models for translating general extenders. In doing so, this study follows a corpus-based approach, using both qualitative and quantitative approaches to identify translation patterns of general extenders by dubbing translators and fansubbers in Iran. A corpus of twelve English films from different genres, along with their Persian dubbing and non-professional subtitling, was compiled for the investigation. Overall findings suggest that non-professional subtitlers followed a literal and sourced-oriented approach to translation, resulting in a more direct translation of general extenders. In contrast, the dubbing team (i.e., translator and dubbing director) tended to edit out these pragmatic issues in their translations; therefore, many general extenders were deleted in the translation. This was partly because the translation for dubbing has to be synchronized, resulting in some omissions and partly because the dubbing team paid less attention to these elements. Additionally, other strategies, such as substitution or explicitation were infrequently used in both dubbing and non-professional subtitling. The paper concludes by discussing limitations and offering opportunities for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of Bible translation into Balochi goes back to the late 19th century. One century later, in 1999, a complete New Testament in Southern Balochi was published. This translation (abbreviated SBKT) was carried out in Karachi, and largely reflects the variant of Southern Balochi spoken in Karachi. There is also a more recent translation of the four Gospels into Southern Balochi (abbreviated SBCT). The text of this translation is published online. The purpose of the present article is to explore how the two translations of the four Gospels into Balochi have dealt with toponyms occurring in the Greek source text. The toponyms are presented and discussed in alphabetical order in three different subsections (countries and provinces, towns and villages, rivers, lakes and mountains etc.) based on their names in English as found in the New Revised Standard Version from 1989. Toponyms in the Gospels have already undergone translation rather than copying in the translation of the Gospels into the national languages of Iran and Pakistan, Persian and Urdu, which serve as models for the toponyms in the two translations studied here. SBKT basically uses the copying strategy, but with the addition of diacritics for short vowels, whereas SBCT uses the translation strategy, which involves phonological and orthographic adaptation to Balochi. Both translations also make use of addition to make the toponyms more comprehensible to the target audience, both in comparison with the original Greek source text, and with the translations into Persian and Urdu. SBKT does so almost invariably and SBCT to a more limited extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]