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Background: Emotional sadness caused by the experience of the loss of a romantic relationship can lead to love trauma syndrome, which includes a set of psychopathology symptoms. The present study was also conducted to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive emotion regulation training based on the Gross model in improving the love trauma syndrome, hoping and positive affect negative affect among female students with love trauma. Methods: The research method was experimental (pre-test and post-test with the control group). The statistical population was all the female students with love trauma at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili and 34 participants (17 participants in each group) were selected by purposive sampling. Also, in order to determine the target sample from the Love Trauma Syndromes Inventory (LTSI-10), to implement the intervention of the cognitive emotion regulation program based on the Gross model, and to measure dependent variables in addition to the LTSI, Positive Affect Negative Affect Scale (PANAS-20) and Miller Hope Scale (MHS-48) were used. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was also used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that the assumptions (homogeneity of covariances and variances) are maintained. Also, the effect of group membership shows the significant impact of the intervention on the love trauma syndrome (p less than 0.01), negative affect (p less than 0.01), hope (p less than 0.01), and no effect on positive affect (p greater than 0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, after identifying individuals with love trauma, the intervention of cognitive emotion regulation can be done on them in a group to reduce the symptoms of psychological harms in them and also to cognitive strategies, and to equip them for problem solving or compatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physical and sexual harassment has extensive psychological consequences on people's lives. Therefore, the using of a valid measure to identify this unpleasant experience in people can be useful both in determining the starting point of interventions related to victims and in general screenings in the society. In this regard, due to the lack of native and multidimensional measures to investigate this phenomenon, the aim of this study was to design and validation of the psychosexual harassment questionnaire. Methods: The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of nature. The study population included all university students aged 18 to 30 in Hamadan province from 2021 -2022. From this population, a sample of 600 participants was selected based on a multi-stage cluster sampling method according to the population of the studied cities. The measures were a 27-item researcher-made psychosexual harassment questionnaire and the Ryff Psychological Well-being Scale. Results: The results showed that the factor load was 27 items appropriate and 2 items inappropriate which were removed from the questionnaire. Finally, four factors including sexual harassment, physical harassment, sexual-virtual harassment, and verbal harassment were identified, in total, four factors could explain 58% of the variance of psychosexual harassment. Based on this, the four identified factors explained 33, 1 2, 8, and 5 percent of the variance of the structure of the psychosexual harassment construct, respectively. The adequacy of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin sampling and Bartlett sphericity test (7332.2132) was calculated to be significant at the level of 0.001. The overall reliability of this questionnaire was calculated based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient equal to 0.91 and the reliability of physical, sexual, sexual-virtual and verbal harassment dimensions equal to 0.90, 0.88, 0.81, and 0.82, respectively. Conclusion: As a result, given the validity and reliability of this measure, researchers can use this measure to determine the level of four cases of abuse expressed. Also, due to having a nominal table and its interaction with each of the four dimensions of the measure, followed by obtaining very accurate and detailed information from the subject, clinicians can use this measure for clients and patients, especially in the category of disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Compliance with health-related behaviors is a dilemma among heart failure (HF) patients. The present study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of a Persian translation of the revised heart failure compliance questionnaire (RHFCQ) in Iranian HF sufferers. Methods: This methodological study was performed on outpatient HF individuals referred to a heart clinic in Isfahan, Iran. The forward-backward translation method was used for translation. Twenty subjects were invited to express their opinions on the provided items concerning simplicity and understandability. Twelve experts were invited to rate the items regarding the content validity index (CVI). Cronbach's α was used to evaluate internal consistency. The patients were asked to complete the questionnaire for the second time after 2 weeks to investigate test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: There were no obvious difficulties during the translation and assessment of the simplicity and comprehensiveness of the questionnaire items. The CVI of the items ranged from 0.833 to 1.000. Totally, 150 patients (age: 64.60±15.00 y, males: 58.0%) filled in the questionnaire twice with no missing data. The highest and lowest compliance rates were attributed to alcohol and exercise domains, respectively (83.00±7.70% and 45.55±12.00%, respectively). Cronbach's α was 0.629. After the omission of 3 items related to smoking and alcohol cessation, Cronbach's α rose to 0.655. The ICC showed an acceptable value of 0.576 (95% CI, 0.462 to 0.673). Conclusion: The modified Persian RHFCQ is a simple and meaningful tool with acceptable moderate reliability and good validity for assessing compliance in Iranian HF patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The package of essential non-communicable diseases (PEN) has been implemented in 2016 in Iran. The present study aimed to evaluate the incidence rate of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, and the mortality rate due to these diseases, following the lunch of the PEN project. Methods: This is a historical cohort study that was performed in 2020. Data were gathered through the hospital information system in the exposed and the control counties hospitals in the Isfahan province. The data about over 30-year-old patients who were hospitalized as definite cases of MI and/or stroke were collected via census sampling. The incidence rates of MI, stroke, and mortality due to those diseases were compared in 2015 (one year before the launch of the PEN project) and 2019 (4 years after the project initiation). Results: Following the implementation of the PEN project, the incidence and mortality rates due to MI among the over 30-year-old population in the exposed county, were reduced by 0.31 per 1000 and 9 per 100 000 respectively. Furthermore, the incidence rate due to stroke in the exposed county further slowed down, and the mortality rate due to stroke was reduced by 33 per 100,000 more than 30 years old population significantly. Conclusion: Following the implementation of the PEN project, the incidence rate due to MI and mortality rates due to MI and stroke decreased significantly. In addition, the incidence rate due to stroke further slowed down in the exposed county in comparison with the control county. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to design a model for the effect of content marketing on ecustomer relationship management (E-CRM) in the Iran Public Libraries Foundation (IPLF). This research is applied in terms of its objective and mixed (quantitativequalitative) in terms of its approach. The statistical population of the qualitative part of the research consists of experts who are fully acquainted with the subject of content marketing, including 17 professors in the departments of information science and knowledge, business management with the marketing orientation, information technology (IT), computer engineering and content production experts have chosen using purposeful and snowball sampling method. The statistical population of the research in the quantitative stage includes all managers, staff, and, librarians of Iranian public libraries, i.e. 7000 people. Using Cochran's formula and by stratified random sampling method, 364 people are selected as the total sample size. Due to sampling error (0.05) and the possibility of non-return of some questionnaires, 375 questionnaires are distributed and 366 questionnaires are collected and analyzed. Data collection tools are semi-structured interviews in the qualitative part and researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part, which is designed based on the findings of the qualitative part of the research. Also, the standard Kamalian, Amini Lari and Moezzi (2009) questionnaire is used to assess ECRM. In this study, theme analysis is used to identify the factors affecting content marketing, the fuzzy Delphi technique is used to consolidate the opinions of experts, and confirmatory factor analysis is used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the questionnaires. Results: Based on the study of texts and exploratory interviews with experts, five dimensions of strategic planning, content supply, and production, content distribution and dissemination, content analysis, pricing, and sales are identified for content marketing. Among these, content supply and production factor with an impact factor of 0.931 has the most impact and is the priority. Factors of content distribution and dissemination with a coefficient of 0.917; content analysis with a coefficient of 0.894; strategic planning with a coefficient of 0.877; and pricing and sales with a coefficient of 0.642 are in the second to fifth priorities in terms of effectiveness, respectively. Also, the impact factor of content marketing on the effectiveness of ECRM is calculated to be 816%. Findings at the error level of 0.05 indicate that content marketing has a significant effect on the effectiveness of ECRM in IPLF. ECRM in IPLF can be explained by the content marketing model. In addition to producing useful content related to the needs and preferences of its audience, it creates a powerful tool to gain trust and change the audience's attitude towards the services provided. Moreover, by increasing the skills of staff and managers, IPLF has made more efforts to identify, attract and retain audiences, which in the long run will lead to customer satisfaction, increased revenue growth, and achievement of competitive advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safety is a basic issue in every social system and communities consider safety as one of their main priorities. One of the most important factors that put the safety of various communities at risk is the threats caused by crime occurrence. This paper is aimed to spatially analyze crime occurrence in various regions of Iran with an emphasis on safety. The research method is descriptive-analytical and a documentary and library data collection method is used. In this paper, the Similarity, COPRAS, mean rank method, and cluster analysis method are applied. The final results of the cluster analysis based on the mean rank method indicate a wide gap between the provinces of the country in terms of survey indicators, so that the final coefficient obtained for the provinces in the sixth cluster (the most unsafe group) is about 45 times of the final coefficient of the provinces in the first cluster (the safest group). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In arid and semi‐arid regions of the world, high temperature stress adversely affects growth and development of cool‐season grasses during late spring and summer. Salicylic acid (SA) is one of the endogenous plant growth regulators that plays an important role in the regulation of plant growth and development in response to high temperature stress. The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of SA in alleviating the negative effects of high temperature during the summer in different tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) genotypes under field conditions. Twenty genotypes of tall fescue (selected from a broad native and exotic germplasm) were assessed at field condition for morphological and physiological characteristics during 2016 and 2017 under normal irrigation in the presence of two SA concentrations (0 and 1 mM). High temperature during the summer led to induction of incomplete summer dormancy and depression in summer forage yield. Application of SA decreased the adverse effects of high temperature stress by elevation of photosynthetic pigments, proline accumulation, and increasing nonenzyme and enzymatic antioxidant activities, and could therefore be used to enhance forage yield and heat tolerance in tall fescue genotypes. The genotypes exhibited obvious differences in their response to SA application under the semiarid climate conditions of central Iran. Among the studied genotypes, 3L and 1E were recognized as heat tolerant and stable genotypes that would be preferable for regions with high temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to identify and assess the parameters affecting agent behaviors and to simulate their effects on groundwater resources under the existing water regulations and policies. For this purpose, agent-based models are exploited to simulate the different groups of agents including Regional Water Authority, Public Prosecutor's Office, and the stakeholders as well as their interactions. The systems dynamic model is employed to investigate the effects of changes in agent behaviors on groundwater resources. The Any Logic software package is also used as a powerful tool for simulating both models and identifying the relationships between human behavior and water resources. Two efficient and inefficient scenarios are defined for assessing the effects of such parameters as ‘meetings of regional water agencies held with other public organizations”. Results revealed that changes in the behavior and interactions of Regional Water Authority with other public organizations under the first (inefficient) scenario led to increased renewable storage by 11.6 MCM while elimination of this parameter in the second (efficient) scenario led to a decrease of 52.6 MCM in renewable storage. Results of both scenarios showed that proper interactions of the Regional Water Authority with other stakeholders led to the control of illegal water abstractions and the rise of water table in the aquifers from the scenario one 1777.4 m–1778.1 m under the second scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The left ventricular dysfunction 36 (LVD-36) questionnaire is considered to be a tool to assess the impact of left ventricle impairment on patients' daily life. This methodological study was aimed to translate and assess the validity and reliability of the Persian draft of the LVD-36 questionnaire among Iranian heart failure (HF) patients. Methods: We recruited stable HF patients who referred to an outpatient heart clinic in Isfahan, Iran. The LVD-36 questionnaire was translated using the forward-backward method. Twenty HF patients were recruited for content validity assessment and were asked to express their opinions about the comprehensibility and meaningfulness of each item. We invited 14 experts to assess validity through content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR). Reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), with the latter evaluated after invitation of the participants to complete the questionnaire for the second time. Results: The translation process was performed uneventfully without any significant alterations. A total of 150 HF patients were recruited to assess the reliability of the questionnaire in this study (age: 64.6 ± 16 years, males: 58.6%). All items had acceptable CVI and CVR, ranging 0.85--1.00 and 0.57--1.00, respectively. Cronbach's alpha was 0.971. All participants completed the questionnaire for the second time with no missing data. Test-retest reliability revealed an excellent ICC value of 0.981 (95% CI: 0.977--0.985). Conclusion: The Persian version of the LVD-36 questionnaire is a simple, valid and reliable tool for evaluating the impact of left ventricle impairment on the well-being of Iranian HF patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postpartum depression is endangering the health of mothers and has negative impacts on the evolution of social communication and newborns evolution. This study was conducted to determine the effects of Fordyce Happiness program on the postpartum depression. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental intervention carried out on postpartum mothers that referred to 4 health centers in Isfahan. A total of 133 mothers were selected by convenient sampling and then randomly allocated in two groups (63 and 70 mothers for intervention and control respectively). Maternal depression 3 times before, immediate and 1 months after intervention in both groups was evaluated with Beck Depression Inventory-II-Persian standardized questionnaires. Educational sessions based on the Fordyce happiness program were conducted for intervention group. Data was analyzed in SPSS17 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Illinois) descriptive and analytic statistical tests at significance level of 0.05. Results: No significant differences in demographic variables between the two groups (P > 0.05). No significant differences in depression scores in the two groups before training. However after 2 months a significant difference in depression score was observed between two groups (control group: 19.38 ± 3.94; intervention group: 16.24 ± 4.8; P < 0.001). Furthermore in intervention group showed significant differences in depression scores before and after intervention (19.15 ± 3.41 and 16.24 ± 4.83; P < 0.001). However in the control group had not any significant change. Conclusion: Fordyce happiness program was effective in reducing postpartum depression in our study. With attention to the effectiveness and low cost of this program, it is recommended that this program might be considered for all mothers after childbirth in health centers or other community-based settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical picture of the concept of knowledge creation and then investigate the effects on it of such variables as social capital and organizational culture. Design/methodology/approach – The population of this study includes faculty members of the University of Isfahan (Iran) in 2008 (476 cases). From among these cases, 142 cases were selected based on the Cochran formula. Survey was used as the research method and a questionnaire was used for data collection. Pearson correlation "r" and multi-variable regression were employed, and in the next stage, through drawing the model of structural equations, the direct effects, indirect effects and total effects of independent variables on the dependent variable were investigated, based on path analysis model. SPSS and LISREL were employed for statistical analysis. Findings – The results revealed that social capital and organizational culture had meaningful effect on knowledge creation. The analysis showed that the independent variables mentioned above could determine 36 percent of the effects of the dependent variable. Research limitations/implications – The findings are based, in the main, on an extensive, single university study; therefore it is necessary to be cautious about generalizing the result of this study to other universities in Iran. Originality/value – The paper can contribute to organizations through providing a holistic picture of the role of knowledge creation in organizations (especially universities). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Regarding the significance of a doctor's receptionist role as an important factor in promotion of health services in physicians' offices, passing educational courses seems useful and somehow necessary for them. This study therefore was performed to evaluate the effect of office management principles on knowledge and performance of receptionists working in specialists' offices. Methods: In this quasi experimental study, 30 receptionists from gynecologists' offices of Isfahan were selected for an intervention through systematic random sampling. Education method was lecture and discussion. Data gathering tools were a questionnaire for knowledge assessment, and an observation checklist for performance evaluation which were employed before and after educational courses. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical tests through SPSS software. Results: Comparison of mean scores of knowledge and performance of the receptionists before attending office management principles courses( 15.23, and 12.03 respectively) showed a significant difference with their mean scores of knowledge and performance after attending these courses (24.93, and 18.56 respectively). Conclusion: Regarding the findings of the study, it seems that great attention must be paid to the occupational structure of receptionists in physicians' offices. Holding educational courses before employment as well as in service training for receptionists can promote patients' visits process in specialists' offices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bacterial corneal ulcer is a serious urgent and is one of the most important causes of eye morbidity; its delayed diagnosis and treatment lead to decrease or loss of vision. In some cases, conjunctive flap is the choice treatment. It has prolonged history and due to new therapeutic method, its application has reduced. It is a controversy about indication of conjunctive flap in active corneal ulcer; so we decided to investigate results of this procedure in patients with active corneal ulcer. Methods: A retrospective study was performed for 80 patients with active corneal ulcer treated by conjunctive flap in Feiz hospital in Isfahan during 2004-2005. Demographic data and results of conjunctive flap including good response, reoperation, keratoplasty was gathered from patient's files. Relation of age, gender and results was studied by chi-square test. Results: Eighty three patients were studied. The mean age of patients was 62.1 ± 19.3 years. The range of 70-79 years old had maximum and 40-49 years old had minimum frequency. Fifty seven patients (68.7%) were men and 26 (31.3%) were women. Student's t-test showed no significant difference between men and women mean age. In addition, no different in frequency distribution in two groups was found by chi-square test. 67 patient (80.7%) had acceptable response, 12 (14.5%) needed reoperation and 4 patients (4.8%) needed keratoplasty. The mean age of those respond to treatment was 63.5 ± 19 years, of those who needed reoperation was 57 ± 20.6 years and of those who needed keratoplasty was 55 ± 2 years. Response to treatment was seen in 46 men (80.7%) and in 21 women (80.8%). Eight men (14%) and 4 women (15.4%) needed reoperation and, 3 men (5.3%) and 1 woman (3.8) needed keratoplasty. Conclusion: According to our findings, conjunctive flap surgery is not recommended in active bacterial corneal ulcer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Becoming infected with hepatitis A virus (HAV) is deadlier in patients with end-stage liver disease. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of chronic immunity to HAV in liver transplant (LT) candidates to determine whether HAV vaccination is necessary for them or not. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on adult LT candidates who were referred to the LT center of Shiraz, Iran. The patients were interviewed for filling the data collection forms. These forms consisted of demographic information, medical backgrounds, etiology of chronic liver disease, a model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, laboratory findings, and abdominal sonography report. Furthermore, a 3-cc blood sample was obtained from each patient, and anti-HAV IgG was detected by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using standard Diapro kits. Univariable and multivariable data analyses were performed using SPSS version 20. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered the significant cutoff in regression analysis. Results: A total of 291 patients with a mean age of 47.73 ± 12.9 years were recruited in this study of whom, 197 (67.7%) patients were males, 237 (81.4%) were married, 229 (78.7%) were educated lower than 12 years, 250 (85.9%) were living in urban areas, and (221) 75.9% had access to sanitary water in their living area. anti-HAV IgG was detected in 269 (92.4%, 95% CI: 89.4-95.4%) patients. Multivariable analysis showed that lower knowledge of hepatitis A transmission routes (OR: 11.9, 95% CI: 1.39 -101.8, P = 0.024), no waterpipe smoking (OR: 9.5,95% CI: 1.6 -55.5, P = 0.014), and older age (OR: 1.12,95% CI: 1-1.24, P= 0.03) were the main predictors of HAV immunity, in sequence. Conclusions: Most LT candidates are HAV IgG positive, but due to the growing number of LT candidates and high mortality of HAV in non-immune cases, LT candidates should be checked for HAV IgG, especially younger or waterpipe smoking patients who are less immune. Also, all non-immune patients should be vaccinated against HAV, if possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Shock index (SI) and modified SI (MSI) are used for prognosis in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), especially myocardial infarction. However, the utility of these indices in heart failure(HF) is less frequently investigated. We aimed to evaluate the long-term prognostic capability of SI and MSI among Iranian HF patients., Methods: This retrospective cohort study was implemented in the context of the Persian Registry Of cardioVascular diseasE/HF (PROVE/HF). A total of 3896 acute decompensated HF (ADHF) patients were enrolled from March 2016 to March 2020. SI and MSI were assessed at admission. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to define optimum SI and MSI cut-off points and depict mortality during follow-up, respectively. The association of CVD death according to different SI and MSI cut-off points and quartiles was assessed through univariate and multivariate regression hazard models., Results: Mean age of participants was 70.22 ± 12.65 years (males: 62.1%). We found 0.66 (sensitivity:62%, specificity: 51%) and 0.87 (sensitivity: 61%, specificity: 51%) as optimised cut-off points for SI and MSI, respectively. Mean follow-up was 10.26 ± 7.5 months and 1110 (28.5%) deaths occurred during this time. Multivariate adjusted models revealed patients had SI ≥ 0.66 or within the third and fourth quartiles had higher likelihood of mortality compared to reference group (hazard ratio(HR): 1.58, 95%CI: 1.39-1.80, p  < 0.001, HR: 1.38,95%CI:1.14-1.66, p  = 0.001 and HR:2.00,95%CI:1.68-2.38, p  < 0.001, respectively). MSI outcomes were similar (MSI ≥ 0.87: HR: 1.52,95%CI: 1.34-1.72, p  < 0.001, third quartile (0.89 ≤ MSI < 1.00):HR:1.23,95%CI:1.009-1.50, p  = 0.041, fourth quartile (MSI ≥ 1.00): HR: 1.80,95%CI: 1.53-2.13, p  < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier curves showed patients with higher SI and MSI cut-off values and quartiles had lower survival rates., Conclusion: Higher SI and MSI values were associated with increased mortality risk, and these two bedside indices could be appropriately considered for long-term prognosis in ADHF patients.

Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is among the deadliest cancers of the gastrointestinal tract worldwide and a growing global health concern., Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate the survival rate and prognostic factors of survival in patients with PC., Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the records of 556 patients with PC registered in the hospital cancer registration system from September 2007 to September 2020 were evaluated. In this regard, demographic data, tumor characteristics, received treatments, and patients' final status were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier and Cox's regression were used for univariate and multivariate analyses, respectively., Results: The 5-year survival rate was found to be 4.3%. The median survival time was 12.4 ± 6.6 months. Univariate analysis showed that age, BMI (kg/m 2 ), blood transfusions, differentiation, tumor stage, tumor size, number of involved lymph nodes, lymph node ratio (LNR), and type of treatment received were significantly associated with patient survival (p < .05). Multivariate Cox regression indicated that the age ≥60 years [Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-1.49], BMI <18 (kg/m 2 ; HR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.13-2.14), poor differentiation (HR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.75-2.49), tumor size >2.5 cm (HR = 4.61, 95% CI = 3.30-6.78), metastasis presence (HR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.49-2.60), more than two involved lymph nodes (HR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.31-1.77), LNR <0.2 (HR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.36-0.77), and adjuvant therapy with surgery and chemotherapy (HR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.28-0.61) are the most important prognostic factors of survival in patients with PC (p < .05)., Conclusions: This study showed that the survival rate of patients with pancreatic cancer varies based on the characteristics of the tumor and the type of treatment received., (© 2021 The Authors. Cancer Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the extent to which a group of general dentists and specialists had knowledge of the professional laws and psychological effects of negligence on them., Materials and Methods: The sample in this cross-sectional study consisted of 400 dentists (General dentists and specialists) in Isfahan city, Iran. Having designed the questionnaire and confirmed its validity and reliability, we published online to be completed by the dentists. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA test. Optimal knowledge was determined to be 75%, and P-value<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant., Results: The majority of the dentists (75%) had poor and very poor knowledge. The mean score of knowledge (range: 0-21, maximum obtainable: 24) was 9.58 ± 4.5. Sixty dentists (15%) reported they had experienced negligence. Further, 278 (69.5%) reported they had somehow experienced the occurrence of malpractice during their practical experience. Legal negligence was more prevalent among the general dentists than specialists (17.8 VS 8%, p < 0.001). Regarding the legal complaint history, a significant difference was observed between the males and females (P = 0.015) and among different categories of work experience years (P = 0.000). Moreover, among those who had a history of a legal complaint, 96.7% showed psychological symptoms, 70% had physical symptoms, and 80% displayed social symptoms related to the stress following legal complaints., Conclusion: Findings of this study indicated that refining the knowledge of the rules and regulations of the dental profession should be enhanced by considering appropriate training courses in the curricula and continuous education programs. More than half of the participants considered themselves guilty of negligence in this regard., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: We aimed to determine outcomes and predictors of intraoperative-detected portal vein thrombosis in liver transplant recipients., Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 806 adult liver transplant recipients from Shiraz, Iran, to determine those with intraoperative-detected portal vein thrombosis. Patients with this complication were compared with age- and sex-matched patients without this complication. Background diseases, surgery parameters, hospital admission, reoperation, rethrombosis, acute rejection, and use of antico-agulants were assessed. Cox proportional hazards, logistic regression, and random classification forest and random survival forest plots were used for data analyses., Results: Mean age of patients was 44.7 ± 13.2 years. Patients with intraoperative-detected portal vein thrombosis (n = 91; 11.3%) had mortality ratio of 2.9 (range, 1.0-8.6) and 2-year survival of 78% versus 2-year survival rate of 92% in patients without this disease. Median time of survival in patients with this complication who died was 2 weeks versus 10 months in patients who died and did not have this complication. Random classification forest plots showed that high fasting blood sugar, autoimmune hepatitis, low prothrombin time, and cryptogenic cirrhosis were (in order) the main predictors of this complication. Random survival forest plots revealed that low prothrombin time, having intraoperative-detected portal vein thrombosis, Model for End Stage Liver Disease score, primary sclerosing cholangitis, diabetes mellitus, and hepatocellular carcinoma were (in order) the main predictors of death in liver transplant recipients. Low body mass index was associated with mortality in patients with intraoperative-detected portal vein thrombosis (by Cox proportional hazards)., Conclusions: One of every 9 liver transplant patients had intraoperative-detected portal vein thrombosis. Hazard of death was 2.9, and death occurred far earlier in patients with this complication. Improvements in diabetes mellitus care, prothrombin time, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, and body mass index may improve outcomes of these patients.

Insecure attachment style has been observed in some people with a history of suicide attempt. Furthermore, some types of abuse in childhood may predict suicide attempt in adulthood. The purpose of this study was to assess the attachment style, history of abuse, demographic information and number of suicide attempts in suicide attempters. This cross-sectional study was performed on 80 suicide attempters in Tehran in 2017. Demographic information, suicide behavior, attachment style and history of childhood abuse were assessed in a psychological interview using the Revised Adult Attachment Scale. Of all, 38.8% had attempted suicide once and 45% had experienced heavy maltreatment in childhood. There was no significant correlation between the number of suicide attempts and the attachment style. History of abuse could predict the number of suicide attempts in 17.3%, which was not significant; 78.8% had avoidant attachment style. The frequency of avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles was higher in suicide attempters who had experienced maltreatment in childhood. Considering the important role of attachment style and history of abuse in attempting suicide, knowledge in this regard is important especially in those at risk of suicide attempt to plan early psychological intervention and prevent suicide., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Background: Cigarette smoking seems to contribute to susceptibility and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS).Although the incidence of MS in Iranian population has increased during recent years, the effects of smoking on progression of MS have not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between cigarette smoking and development of secondary progressive MS (SPMS) in Iranian patients with MS., Methods: This study was carried out on patients registered in the MS Society (Guilan, Iran) database. Using a structured questionnaire, information on smoking status of 400 of patients could be obtained. The association between cigarettes smoking and SPMS was analyzed by Cox regression model., Results: The relationship between smoking and development of SPMS was still evident after adjusting for age at disease onset, gender and number of relapses per year (P =0.004). Smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day increased risk of development of SPMS (HR: 2.43; 95% CI: 1.28 to 4.6; P =0.007)., Conclusions: Our results indicated that smokers have an increased risk for progression of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) to SPMS compared with non-smokers. We also showed that the disease progression may be influenced by increase of cigarette smoking., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)