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This study aimed to scrutinize the measurement of ICC and then investigate the relationship between Iranian L2 learners and their L2 learning motivation, and achievement on the one hand, and the difference between ICC and motivation of EFL learners, on the other. To do this, the participants included 60 B.A. Translation and 60 B.A. non-Translation students in universities in Iran. A test battery including the final version of the ICC questionnaire and an L2-learning motivation questionnaire adapted from Gardner's attitude/motivation test battery was then administered to a random selection of both English and non-English students. The correlation results showed that there was not a significant relationship between L2 learners' ICC and L2-learning motivation. In the meantime, t-test results depicted that there was not a significant difference between English and non-English Iranian EFL learners. The correlations results showed that there was a significant relationship between ICC and achievement of English students. This study can convince the learners to become aware of the significance of ICC and the effect of teaching English on developing this competence.

Parental substance abuse is associated with impaired skills and ability to take care of children. Children of substance-abusing parents display higher levels of emotional difficulties. This article shows the effectiveness of emotional intelligence group training on anger in adolescents with substance-abusing fathers. The sample consisted of 60 high school boys with substance-abusing fathers, selected from referrals to public academic counseling centers in the city of Bojnurd in northeastern Iran. Next, the individuals were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group received eight weekly one-and-a-half-hour emotional intelligence group training sessions in a school setting. The two groups were compared before and after the intervention using the Spielberger's State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. In the experimental group, mean score of state anger decreased from 29.8 ± 4.2 to 15.6 ± 0.8 in pretest to posttest. Results of RMANOVA showed that training was effective in all four areas of Trait Anger, State Anger, Anger Control-In, and Anger Control-Out (p < 0.05). This study indicated that training of emotional intelligence skills was effective in reducing anger in adolescents with substance-abusing fathers.

Background: In recent years, Iran has experienced an increase in heroin consumption, which endangers the health of individuals as well as the whole society. The present research investigated the demographic indices and dangerous behavior of heroin-addicted patients under maintenance treatment. Methods: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional study in 2015. The sample of this research includes the heroin-addicted patients under treatment in 79 maintenance treatment centers in North Khorasan. The information is gathered by a checklist of dangerous behaviors and demographic indices of the patients. Results: In this study, 842 heroin consumers under maintenance treatment were investigated, 82.4% of whom were male and 17.6% were female. Heroin-addicted patients showed a significant difference in terms of marital status, occupation, addiction initiation, and dangerous behaviors (such as unsafe sexual intercourse, the history of concurrency injection and unsafe sexual intercourse) in two gender groups. Conclusion: It seems that there is a significant difference between male and female heroin-addicts in dangerous behaviors and demographic indices. As such, there is a significant difference between demographic pattern and dangerous behaviors of heroin-addicted patients in Iran and patients from other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: Most studies on addiction in Iran have focused on the men and less attention has been given to women. This study was conducted to survey the epidemiology of substance use in women under opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) in addiction treatment centers.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the year 2015. Demographic characteristic such as age, marital status, addiction initiation age, duration of use, history of high-risk behaviors, and lifetime history of suicide attempt, injection drug use, incarceration, and unsafe sex were recorded by psychologists through interviews with patients.Results: The mean age of patients was 44.31 ± 14.83 years. The most abused drugs among participants were opium and opium sap (shireh) with 1179 cases (92.70%), followed by heroin and crack with 75 cases (5.90%). Only 4.08% of the women under OMT had a history of injection drug use.Conclusion: It seems that the demographic characteristics and history of risky behaviors in women undergoing OMT in Iran are different from studies conducted in other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study aimed to evaluate the association between Quality of Life (QOL) and independent factors, emphasizing Socio Economic Status (SES) in northwestern Iran. A population-based cross-sectional study was performed within the Persian Traffic safety and health Cohort in 2020. Participants were chosen using stratified random sampling method. The majority of participants (69%) were aged between 30 and 65. Around half of the participants were males (54.44%). Most of the female respondents were categorized as very low and medium levels of SES Based on multiple linear regression analysis, the QOL among females was lower compared to males (β: - 0.92, 95% CI - 1.82 to - 0.22). There was a negative association between SES and QOL; individuals with low and very low levels of SES had a lower QOL than those with a medium level of SES (β: - 4.38, 95% CI - 5.9 to - 2.86) (β: - 2.65, 95% CI - 4.08 to - 1.22). The current study highlights that higher SES and educational levels are positively associated with higher QOL. Conversely, older age, females, and widowed individuals are linked with lower QOL., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Road traffic crashes and associated injuries and mortalities are one of the big public health challenges, especially in low/middle-income countries. Road safety lead agency (RSLA) is a vital factor in the sustainable prevention and promotes road safety. In the recent decades, various policy interventions have been conducted for road safety in Iran. This study aimed at exploring the challenges of RSLA from the perspectives of stakeholders at various levels., Methods: A qualitative study was conducted. In-depth interviews and document reviews were used for data collection. To conduct interviews, different stakeholders at various levels such as policy-makers, senior national authorities, researchers and faculty members were selected. Data collection was conducted between November 2019 and June 2020. Thematic content analysis approach was used for data analysis., Results: The experts' perspectives were analysed and then categorised under five main themes including the role and position of the lead agency, the role and duties of the actors and players, translating policy into practice, intrasectoral and intersectoral cooperation and coordination and evidence production and application and a total of 22 subthemes were identified. The current structure of the RSLA is one of the main challenges emphasised by the research participants., Conclusion: To achieve significant improvements in road safety at the national level, a strong management system and leadership body is a critical issue. Organisational reform to establish an effective unique lead agency is proposed to cope with RSLA challenges., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Background: Road traffic crashes (RTCs) and its associated injuries are one of the most important public health problems in the world. In Iran, RTCs rank second in terms of mortality. To address this issue, there is a need for research-based interventions. Prioritizing researches using a variety of approaches and frameworks to determine the most effective interventions is a key nodal point in the RTCs' research policy planning cycle. Thus, this study aims to generate and prioritize research questions in the field of RTCs in Iran., Methods: By adapting the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method, this study engaged 25 prominent Iranian academic leaders having role in setting Iran's long-term road safety goals, a group of research funders, and policymakers. The experts' proposed research questions were independently scored on a set of criteria: feasibility, impact on health, impact on the economy, capacity building, and equity. Following the prioritization of Research Questions (RQs), they were all classified using the 5 Pillar frameworks., Results: In total, 145 Research Questions were systematically scored by experts against five criteria. Iran's top 20 road traffic safety priorities were established. The RQs related to "road safety management" and "road and infrastructure" achieved a high frequency., Conclusions: The top 20 research questions in the area of RTCs in Iran were determined by experts. The majority of these RQs were related to "road safety management". The results of this study may contribute to the optimal use of resources in achieving long-term goals in the prevention and control of road traffic crashes and its related injuries. Considering these RQs as research investment options will improve the current status of Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs) at a national level and further advance toward compliance with international goals. If these research priorities are addressed, and their findings are implemented, we can anticipate a significant reduction in the number of crashes, injuries, and deaths., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors completed the ICMJE Unified Competing Interest Form (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 by the Journal of Global Health. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: Various organizations and institutions are involved in road traffic injury (RTI) and crash registration such as police, forensic medicine organization, hospitals and emergency medical services. But there is a substantial uncertainty in interpreting the data, duplicated data collection and missing data in relation to RTI in most systems. This study aims to identify data sources for RTI surveillance in Iran and to explore traffic safety data source domains, data elements and detailed information by each data source., Methods: This is a qualitative study which was conducted in 2017 in Iran. Data were collected employing semi-structured interviews with informants in road safety organizations in relation to traffic safety including Police, Ministry of Health and Medical Education as well as Forensic Medicine Organization and other authorities-in-charge. For completing the preliminary extraction information, the minimum data set was used and compared in each system., Results: Eight different organizations relevant to road traffic safety were identified. The main domain of data provided by each one consists of Emergency Medical System form, Police KAM114 form, Ministry of Transport and Road Administration, Red Crescent Organization/Disaster Management Information System, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Forensic Medicine Organization, Insurance Company and Ministry of Justice. Each system has its own database, based upon its scope and mainly at crash and post-crash status and little on pre-crash circumstance., Conclusion: All current registry systems are not surveillance systems for RTI prevention. Huge data have been collected in various registry systems in Iran, but most of the collected variables are duplicated in each system. On the other hand, some variables like alcohol and substance abuse, child seat belt, helmet use in relation to RTI prevention are missed in all systems. Accordingly, it is a critical need to integrate and establish a comprehensive surveillance system, with focus on the goal of each system and collection of minimum data in each organization, which currently is underway., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest There is no conflict of interest in this study., (Copyright © 2020. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.)