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Political stability and economic security have led to forming small and independent agricultural units in different regions of Iran in a period. They were shaped by combining water with residential, religious, service, and agricultural elements and are referred to in local communities as the 'Farmstead'. The historical documentation recorded their presence from the 4th century AH until the Safavid era from an economic and jurisprudential approach. Then, domestic and foreign elites introduced them in the form of books and travelogues in the Qajar era; however, they did not mention the architecture of the farmsteads and their features. In 2008, for the first time, some farmsteads are introduced by field surveys in Niasar, and the qualities of their formation and structure are considered by publishing papers. The landlords have built them with two types of agricultural castles and agricultural complexes. In addition, they have determined the location of farmstead by water resources, and their formation was subject to economic and security equations. The main research problem is insufficient knowledge of the historical farmstead of Iran in the national and international communities. These monuments are ruined due to various reasons in a period, and eventually, the people have forgotten their names. The current study aims to introduce the historical farmsteads of Iran by investigating their past and present status and the main question in this research is: What are the physical and functional characteristics of Iran's historical farmsteads? According to this, the interpretive-historical method is used to read the written documents and survey their historical properties to reach the research aim and question. Thus, interviews with farmstead dwellers, observation, review maps of historical monuments, and library studies to examine written documents constitute research tools. These farmsteads were studied in the central plateau of Iran, especially in the cities of Kashan, Qom, and Yazd. Some of them were known as castles until now. But in this article, by examining their physical and functional characteristics, it has been determined that they are farmsteads and in addition to agricultural land and water, they have physical elements such as Castle, mills, water reservoirs, baths, and mosques. Thus, the Castle has been a part of the farmstead-related elements. They also have social, cultural, and economic systems. The current research can help to register farmsteads in the list of national monuments of Iran as an independent collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hospitalization of a premature neonate in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is stressful for mothers. They show symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). It is important to use the proper strategy to manage PTSD. This study was designed to investigate the effect of non-verbal music on the PTSD in mothers of premature neonates hospitalized in NICU. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, the convenience sampling method was applied and 45 mothers of premature neonates were selected and categorized randomly into the intervention (N = 23) and control (N = 22) groups in 2018. The babies were hospitalized in one of the NICUs in Yazd (Iran). The intervention group were supposed to listen to the non-verbal music for 20 minutes daily for two weeks using MP3 player and headphones. All participants completed the Perinatal PTSD Questionnaire (PPQ). The data were analyzed by SPSS 21 using paired t-test, independent t-test, and Chi-square test. Results: The PTSD mean (SD) scores before and after the intervention was 9.39 (1.67) and 4.39 (1.49), respectively, in experimental group. It was 8.54 (1.59) and 5.31 (1.71) in control group. The severity of PTSD decreased in the intervention (p = 0.003) and control (p < 0.001) groups after the intervention. The difference between the two groups was significant (F1,07 = 1058, p < 0.03), which confirmed the significant effect of the non-verbal music on decreasing the PTSD severity (0.92). Conclusions: Non-verbal music can be used as an effective and low-cost intervention for managing PTSD in mothers of premature neonates hospitalized in the NICU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]