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Background and Aims: Ocular trauma (OT) is a a major cause of ocular morbidity and blindness. This study was systematically conducted to determine the factors contributing to OT in Iran. Methods: In this study, a systematic review of all published articles in Persian and English languages from 2000 to 2023 was conducted to investigate the factors affecting OT in Iran. The included studies encompassed cross‐sectional, cohort, and case‐control designs. Articles were selected from internationally recognized databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, as well as Persian databases such as SID and Magiran. The search strategy involved using keywords aligned with the (MeSH) terms, such as "oculars," "trauma," and "Iran." Initially, 403 articles were identified, and ultimately, 14 articles met the inclusion criteria. To ensure the prevention of bias and assess the quality of the selected articles, the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale was utilized. Result: In the present study, the majority of individuals in the reviewed articles were categorized as having mild eye injuries (13.8%). A higher percentage of injuries was observed in males compared to females, and a higher prevalence of injuries was also observed in the age group of over 30 years compared to other age groups. Among the mechanical causes, sharp trauma had the highest prevalence rate (72.5%), while falls had the lowest prevalence rate (14%), followed by sport‐related injuries (29%). Non‐mechanical injuries were mentioned in only one article and had a prevalence rate of 1.5% Conclusion: The results of the current research have shown that among the mechanical injuries, accidents involving motorcycles and sharp objects are the leading causes of OT in Iranians. Therefore, the use of protective equipment such as goggles and adherence to traffic laws play a particularly important role, especially in men higher the age of 30. These findings highlight the necessity for targeted educational and preventive measures to reduce OT in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The family physician program (FPP) is one of the most significant health care reforms in Iran; however, many studies showed that this program has not been able to achieve its intended objectives because of a variety of challenges. This program, despite the existing challenges, is going to be expanded across the country. To improve the likelihood of its success, identification of the structural and infrastructural challenges is necessary. This systematic review was conducted to assess the structural and infrastructural challenges of FPP in Iran. This systematic review of the literature was conducted in order to investigate the infrastructure and structure needs of the current program in Iran. All published articles related to the FPP in Iran were the subject of this study. The eligibility criteria included original articles, reviews, or case studies published in English or Persian during 2011-2021 related to the challenges in the referral system of FPP in Iran. Data were extracted based on Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research type technique and were reported based on the structure of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. International credible scholarly databases were searched. The search strategy was defined based on keywords and the search syntax. This study identified different challenges of the referral system in the areas associated with legal structure, administration, and social structure. The identified challenges in this program should be addressed in order to ensure that this program will lead to improved quality of care and equity in Iran health care system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores how professional and student writers manifest their authorial identities and project their gender voices in their academic texts. To this end, 38 male-authored and 38 female-authored articles published in seven leading international journals were selected. Moreover, 38 articles written by male students and 38 articles authored by female students were collected from two universities in Iran. Taking an academic writing course, these students handed in their papers as term projects. These academic writings were analyzed based on Hyland's metadiscourse framework comprising two major resources: interactional and interactive metadiscourse resources. The findings indicated the male authors mainly attended to discourse organization using more interactive resources while the female authors mostly solicited solidarity by employing more interactional resources. The professional authors engaged in a more critical stance using self-mentions and attitude markers and the students focused on discourse organization. Attitude markers and self-mentions, as markers of stance-taking, were absent in the students' writing. The professional authors made use of their gender identity to promote their authorial identity instead of suppressing it. These results suggest that EAP programs should inform students how to employ both metadiscourse resources and their gender-based discourse choices to express their authorial identity more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: One of the most prevalent drug-resistant bacteria is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) causing healthcare infections. Previously, a meta-analysis study on the frequency of MRSE was conducted from Mar 2006 to Jan 2016 in Iran. The present study aimed to evaluate the changes in this prevalence in the last 5 years in different cities in Iran. Materials and Methods: Published articles on the frequency of MRSE were collected from the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Iranian databases from the beginning of 2016 to the end of 2020. Of the 503 records identified, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria, and their extracted data were analyzed using comprehensive meta-analysis version 2.0 (Biostat). Results: The analysis showed that the frequency of MRSE has decreased significantly in the last five years and reached 60.8 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 54.2-66.9] among culture-positive cases of S. epidermidis in Iran. Conclusion: The noticeable reduction in the prevalence of MRSE in Iran could be due to the improvement of infection control programs and interruption of the pathogen transmission cycle. Another influential reason is the significant reduction in methicillin prescriptions by physicians for infections caused by staphylococci. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: A considerable amount of research funding goes to diabetes management strategies to improve therapeutic goals and reduce the burden of diabetes. A vast amount of the budget is wasted due to unnecessary studies. A scoping review is a pivotal study to overview the available evidence and avoid research waste. In this review, we will try to find out the scope of available studies on diabetes management interventions, identify associated research gaps, and prioritize future studies. Method: We will carry out a study using Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review framework. We will search the Scopus and PubMed databases from 01/01/2015 till 01/01/2020. Only original articles related to pharmacological and non-pharmacological management interventions will be included. These interventional studies should be conducted on the Iranian population. After data extraction, a descriptive data analysis will be used to present information in different charts or tables. We will evaluate related published articles based on their document type, level of evidence, type of diabetes, subject area, interventions types, main findings and outcomes. Discussion: This study represents the first attempt to sum up available studies related to diabetes management interventions performed in Iran. The results of this study will be useful for all the stakeholders and policy-makers involved in diabetes research. It can help clinicians to be informed about studies on management interventions and can guide scientists eager to diabetes research to choose their future research plans based on diabetes research requirements and gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are two prominent genes that account for about 20–40% of inherited breast cancer. Mutations in these genes are often associated with clustering of especially early-onset cancers in the family. The spectrum of BRCA variants showed a significant difference between geographic regions and ethnicities. The frequency and spectrum of BRCA mutations in Iran, a country in southwest Asia, have not yet been thoroughly studied. Here, for the first time, all published and not published BRCA pathogenic variants are presented. Among 1040 high risk families (1258 cases) which were detected, 116 families were found to carry pathogenic variants in either BRCA1 or BRCA2. Altogether 89 distinct types of pathogenic variants have been detected in Iran, including 41 in BRCA1 and 48 in BRCA2. 16 out of 89 mutations had not been previously reported in Iran and are presented for the first time in this article, among which 4 mutations are novel worldwide. 20% of families had one of the seven most commonly observed mutations, including c.81-1G > C, c.66_67delAG, c.4609C>T, c.1568delT, c.1961delA, in BRCA1 and: c.3751_3752insA, c.8585dupT in BRCA2. Combining the data from published articles and our study which has not been published before, a comprehensive table is created as a reference for entire BRCA pathogenic variants and their frequencies in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abu al-Hasan Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Tabari Toranji, the author of the book "al-mu'alaja al-buqratiya", is one of the greatest physicians of Tabaristan and Iran in the fourth century AH. For this purpose, in the tenth issue (Volume 20, October 2018) of the Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences, an article entitled "Abu al-Hasan Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Tabari Toranji; the famous Iranian physician" has been published on pages 72-75 about the biography of this valuable scientist, which seems to have some problems and shortcomings in terms of historical geography. Therefore, the purpose of publishing this article is to critique the published article and draw appropriate conclusions in scientific studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Iran is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world. A research-based approach is essential to reduce the effects of disasters and provide effective responses. This study aims to review the articles published in the field of emergencies and disasters in Iran. Methods: a combination of descriptive and qualitative content analysis using Hsieh and Shannon's method was done. Since the first and most well-known specialized journal in the field of emergencies and disasters in Iran is the Health in emergencies and Disasters Quarterly (HDQ), all articles published in this journal were examined in terms of theme and scientmetric indicators. Results: regarding the type of research, 103 were quantitative (66.5%), 18 were qualitative (11.6%), and 4 (2.6%) were performed by mixed method. Most of the articles (n=116, 76.3%) were original research. The most frequently studied risk was traffic accidents (n=17, 10.96%) followed by earthquakes (n=10, 6.45%) and floods (n=8, 5.16%). In terms of theme and content, 103 published articles were related to one of the 4 main phases of the disaster risk management cycle where most of them were related to preparedness (n=48, 46.6%) followed by mitigation (n=26, 25.24%), response (n=20, 19.42%), and recovery (n=9, 8.47%) phases. Conclusion: although there are studies related to the four phases of disaster risk management cycle in Iran, most of them are related to assessing preparedness followed by mitigation. In addition, qualitative and mixed studies could have more significant contribution to this field of research, accelerating this process requires the development of disaster research methodology training and researcher training programs as well as their organized and financial support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review aimed to determine frequency, trend, and lethality of common methods of suicide in Iran through literature in relevant studies by meta-analysis. We searched MeSH heading suicide and/or keyword combinations in published articles in English major databases (PubMed, Scopus, and ISI) and Persian databases (Magiran, Medlib, SID, and Iran Medex). Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we enrolled 47 relevant studies for the final analysis. The data were analyzed based on a random-effects model using Stata11.2. We found that hanging had the highest lethality among suicide methods; so that hanging with 14.9% (95% CI: 12.6, 17.3) and followed by self-immolation with 11.8% (95% CI: 10.2, 13.3) lethality were the common lethal methods. Results showed a decreasing trend in the rate of using lethal methods (β=-0.02, 95% CI: -0.005-0.05), (p=0.017) across the study period. Our results approve this assumption that the rate of using lethal methods for suicide is decreasing in recent years in Iran, perhaps opposite to non-violent methods. This is an important finding that investigators should be assessed it in forward studies to clarify the possible causes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the establishment of the modern nation-state in Iran in the early twentieth century, the state has viewed Kurds and their political struggle for survival as an existential threat to its integrity. The Islamic Republic's coming to power – after the 1979 Revolution – gravely intensified the state's securitisation policies in the Eastern Kurdistan (also known as Rojhelat). This article, thus, investigates the Islamic Republic's anti-Kurdish strategies starting immediately after the Revolution. Those policies can be best characterised as an exclusionary inclusion. In this liminal sphere of political life, Kurds are subjugated to the daily struggle of preservation of their identity. This paper casts light on the state's assimilatory strategies in Eastern Kurdistan exerted through militarisation, minoritisation, and a steady cultural and demographic transformation of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are some statistical concerns regarding a recently published article which has claimed to develop and psychometrically evaluate an instrument to assess the nutrition self-efficacy among Iranian elderly population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The late Ilkhanid period saw a florescence of intellectual and cultural production in northwestern and west-central Iran. This article argues that a regional network with its center at Isfahan contributed to this creativity through the production of translation-adaptations between Arabic and Persian. In a period of episodic sectarian tensions, especially in the wake of Öljeytü's efforts to declare Twelver Shiʿism the official religion of parts of ʿIraq-e ʿAjam, this local network produced a set of five bilingual treatments of parts of the literary legacy of ʿAli b. Abi Tālib (d. 40/661). The article argues that the authors and copyists of these texts sought, through their focus on the figure of ʿAli and their exploration of the ambiguities facilitated by bilingual composition, to expand a non-sectarian middle-ground. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been very little research on family businesses (FBs) in Iran. Taking an institutional point of view, this article, based on a survey conducted in Iran, demonstrates that since the 1979 revolution FBs in Iran have been key intermediaries between political pressure from the top and societal trends from below. FBs in Iran since the revolution can be considered as a perfect mode of coordination reflecting "capitalism from below." Based on unconditional support among the family members, they are perfectly adapted to the low-trust environment in Iran since the revolution. As a mode of coordination, the family business was also essential in protecting the modernization of Iranian society in promoting the role of women and the value of competency. It was also a mode of coordination which enabled FBs to protect their property rights which were threatened by a predatory state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Iran, as well as in Iraqi Kurdistan, the critique of literary texts using ‘literary theories’ has grown in recent years. The present study investigates published articles in ‘Literary Criticism’ and ‘Sulaimaniyah University’ journals. The research method in this article is criticizing the critiques. The aim was to answer two questions: Why has this kind of critique and theory taken up so much volume? How have researchers applied this theory? The volume of the articles includes 188 Persian and 76 Kurdish articles. After discarding 46 Persian and 29 Kurdish articles in terms of the basic structure, the scope was reduced to 142 Persian and 47 Kurdish articles. After analyzing the articles, it was found that the theory of structuralism was used in 47 Persian articles (33.9%) and 15 Kurdish articles (33.09%). The theory had the largest share in the articles compared to the type of critique and other theories. An attempt has been made to apply the critique and theory of structuralism in these articles, to express the differences and correspondence of the type of attitude in Kurdish and Persian articles. The findings of the research are that in the published articles of both journals, this theory is not fully understood and they have a general view that can be one of the reasons for the great application of this theory in published articles. Looking at how this theory is used, it can be said that Kurdish researchers have dealt with this theory more superficially and most of the time there is no analysis of the type of structure in the text. Also, unlike Persian articles, theories such as structuralist mythology, paleontology, structuralist psychology, Bakhtin conversation logic, do not exist in Kurdish articles at all. Another point in the published articles of the two journals is the refusal of researchers to study the sources in the original language or the sources of the first degree of constructivism, which is directly related to the type of application and analysis of texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Bladder cancer is the sixth most common cancer in Iran. Information about the epidemiological situation of the disease and its risk factors is necessary for conducting a planning program to reduce the disease. This study is conducted with the aim of evaluating the epidemiological features of bladder cancer in Iran. Methods: This is a systematic review of the published articles in both Persian and English in international and national journals during the years 2000– 2019 with key words of Iran and bladder cancer. Articles were selected from the national information database (SID, Magiran) and international databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). Articles related to the epidemiological aspects of the disease, including incidence, prevalence, mortality, and risk factors, were evaluated. Results: The incidence rate of bladder cancer was about 1.6– 115; cumulative survival rate was 0.95, mortality rate was 0.5– 0.84 and its prevalence in the Iranian population was between 4.10% and 12.8%. The risk of developing malignancy in major risk factor groups, including smoking and opium, was 6.2 (2.04– 18.7), increases in protein and animal fat consumption were about 5- and 19-times higher than in the general population, respectively. In terms of occupational exposure, bus and heavy truck drivers were 11.3 (1.3– 92.05) more at risk than others. Conclusion: Regarding the increasing trend of this disease, changes in lifestyle to reduce risk factors can be effective in decreasing the incidence and mortality rate of this malignancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives This study aimed to scientometrically assess the oral medicine articles from Iran published in PubMedindexed journals. Methods In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the author information section of PubMed database was electronically searched for oral medicine articles published from the beginning of 2006 to the beginning of 2016 with at least one author from Iran using the keywords “oral medicine”, “oral and maxillofacial medicine”, “stomatology”, “stomatologist”, and “Iran”. The results were reported as frequency, and trend analysis was performed. Results A total of 280 oral medicine articles published from the beginning of 2006 to the beginning of 2016 were found to have at least one author from Iran, which comprised 2.9% of the entire articles in this field. The majority of published articles were original articles (77%) followed by case reports (15%), review articles (5%), short communications (2%) and letter to editors (1%). The majority of articles had been published in J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects (18%), followed by J Dent (Tehran) (6.7%), and J Contemp Dent Pract (5.5%). The trend of publication of articles was ascending during this time period except for the year 2011. The frequency of articles had a significantly ascending trend during the aforementioned time period (P=0.004). Conclusion From the beginning of 2006 to the beginning of 2016, Iran’s share of oral medicine articles published in PubMed-indexed journals was around 3% and had an ascending trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The sexual issues education is a forgotten subject in Iran. With consideration of the significance role of sexual health in the quality of life, different types of sexual dysfunctions are common problems in Iran. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of different kinds of sexual dysfunctions. Methods: All published Iranian articles with keywords of "sex" or "sexual dysfunction" in Google Scholar and interior databases (same as governmental reports) during 2008-2017 have been reviewed. Regarding to criteria, 32 studies were selected. Cause of heterogeneity was evaluated by meta-regression model. Results: With consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 32 studies with 16750 persons were completed. The prevalence of female sexual dysfunction was 67.9% and male sexual dysfunction was 58.2%. Overall prevalence has been increased significantly in recent years. Also the sexual satisfaction has very poor condition. Conclusions: This meta-analysis study shows us a comprehensive view about sexual problems in Iran and suggests that Iranian population don't have a suitable condition in sexual health. Further studies for detection of etiologic factors may be necessary. Conflicts of Interest: Our abstract is free commercial influence or bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Snakebite is a relatively common health condition in Iran with a diverse snake fauna, especially in tropical southern and mountainous western areas of the country with a plethora of snake species. The list of medically important snakes, circumstances and effects of their bite, and necessary medical care require critical appraisal and should be updated regularly. This study aims to review and map the distributions of medically important snake species of Iran, re-evaluate their taxonomy, review their venomics, describe the clinical effects of envenoming, and discuss medical management and treatment, including the use of antivenom. Nearly 350 published articles and 26 textbooks with information on venomous and mildly venomous snake species and snakebites of Iran, were reviewed, many in Persian (Farsi) language, making them relatively inaccessible to an international readership. This has resulted in a revised updated list of Iran's medically important snake species, with taxonomic revisions of some, compilation of their morphological features, remapping of their geographical distributions, and description of species-specific clinical effects of envenoming. Moreover, the antivenom manufactured in Iran is discussed, together with treatment protocols that have been developed for the hospital management of envenomed patients. [Display omitted] • A comprehensive review on medically important snakes in Iran in view of geographical distribution, taxonomy and morphology. • A focus on environmental value of medically important snakes. • A critical appraisal of venom studies and clinical effects of Iran's medically important snakes. • A detailed evaluation of clinical management of snakebite envenoming in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The comments section of news articles is intended for the public to share their views on posted news stories. Accordingly, this section has been subject to numerous analyses from a wide range of perspectives. The current study analyzes the tone and purpose of comments posted on news articles dealing with Iran's nuclear issue. The data consisted of 150 online comments in English and 150 in Persian. The comments were taken from three news websites in English and three in Persian. These websites were chosen based on their different political leanings in order to take account of the various approaches to Iran's disputed nuclear talks. The results did not indicate a significant difference between the tone of English and Persian comments, but the purposes intended by English and Persian comments varied extensively. It was also found that the political leaning of news agencies is a major cause of the observed differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Scientometric analysis of academic institutions provides useful information for policy makers, international and national organizations to invest in the research fields of the institutions to gain more outputs with less cost. The objectives of this work were to report a scientometric analysis of Islamic states considering a number of indicators. Methods: The number of articles and patents published by members of organization of Islamic conference were extracted from Scopus™ along with the top journals, authors, document type, universities, language of the publications and subjects. Results: The analyses of data revealed that Turkey is the leading country followed by Iran, Egypt, Malaysia and Nigeria when total numbers of indexed articles in Scopus™ are considered. When the articles of 2006-2010 are considered the ranks are Turkey, Iran, Malaysia, Egypt and Pakistan. Conclusion: the increased pattern was observed for scientific performances of OIC members however, more investments are required to fill the gap between OIC members and the leading countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a study conducted to assess scientific thinking in basic science in the Iranian second national Olympiad. The mean SE of each exam were 183.88 5.590 for Exam I, 78.68 9.168 for Exam II and 92.04 2.503 for exam III out of a possible score of 200. A linear correlation between the score for each exam and the total final score was shown by the scatter plot of the data. The study found a significant correlation between each exam score and the average grade and the highest correlation was observed between Exam I and the average grade.

The purpose of this research was to study the peer-review process for articles in Iran's accredited scientific journals. The study considered the types of refereeing currently practised, the decision-making methods and criteria for acceptance of articles, the major decision makers, and the current norms in the peer-review process. The method used was a survey, and the data-collecting tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population of this research included 245 scientific journals. The results of the study show that, currently, the predominant type of refereeing for articles submitted to these journals is 'double blind' and the prevailing method of informing authors about the results of manuscript evaluation is 'commenting on the manuscript after refereeing it and after consideration in an editorial board meeting.' The findings also indicate that two criteria-'Originality and creativity of the research' and 'Being within the journal's scope'-play the most important role in article acceptance. Of the five main parties cooperating in the peer-review process for these journals, the editorial board plays the most fundamental role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the quality pertaining to the various structural components and aspects of research articles published in Iranian journals of dentistry in the first six months of the year 2006. Methodology: This descriptive study assessed the quality of 100 original articles published in Iranian Journals of dentistry in terms of their various structural components including abstracts, introductions, methodology, results, discussions and references. Based on 52 variables the articles were classified into three categories of "adequate", "relatively adequate" and "inadequate". Data analysis was done using Chi-square statistical test. Results: The mean number of authors for each article was 2.9+0.84. Failure rate to report the "reliability" of the instrument of measurement was 96%, followed by failure to justify the sample size (93%). Justification for publication was not reported in 73% of the articles and 87% didn't cite the limitations and valuable findings of the study. No statistically significant association was found between the quality of published articles and study designs, number of authors and references (P<0.3). Conclusion: Significant quality related issues of concern were observed in articles published in Iranian dental journals. Attention to and rectification of these, by authors, reviewers and editors will improve the quality of future publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This literature review was conducted to collect present data on microplastics pollution in Iran's ecosystems. Most of the studies performed in aquatic environment were conducted in Persian Gulf & Oman Sea (70%). The Persian Gulf, along with the beaches of Bushehr and Hormozgan Provinces, are the most studied areas. Moreover, most of the studies were conducted in aquatic environments and only four studies were conducted in terrestrial environment (4/42). One study has assessed microplastics in commercial salt and another study has reported the microplastics presence in Iranian bottled mineral water brands. The investigation of microplastics associated with biota was highlighted, customarily for fish species. Microplastics were also present in urban wastewater samples in Sari and Bandar Abbas cities. Three studies were performed in freshwater ecosystems until now (Haraz River, Anzali wetland, and Taleqan dam). The need for further studies in this field still exists, especially in terrestrial and freshwater compartments. Unlabelled Image • This is the first review study on microplastics in Iran. • Microplastics are present in urban dust of three cities in Iran (Asaluyeh>Bushehr>Tehran). • The highest microplasticsconcentrations in aquatic environments of Iran were found in sediments of Bushehr Province, Persian Gulf. • Most of the studies were conducted in marine and three in freshwater ecosystems (Haraz River, Anzali wetland and Taleqan dam). • Fiber, polyethylene and white color are the main found particles' shape, polymer type and color of microplastics, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]