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Aim: This study aimed to explore the survival rate and quality of life (QoL) in patients who underwent segmental mandibulectomy and determine the associated factor with survival rate and QoL., Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all patients who underwent segmental mandibular resection in the referral center of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, during 2015-2019 were included. Inclusion criteria were segmental mandibulectomy due to any pathology and age of more than 8 years old. Demographic, clinical data and patient survival were recorded. EORTC QLQ-HN43 was used to evaluate QoL., Results: Totally, 82 patients were studied. The overall 3-year survival rate was 69.5% (57 patients) (mean ± SD: 1.35 ± 1.03 years). According to univariate analysis, age (p-value = 0.001), hospital lengths of stay (p-value < 0.001), gender (p-value = 0.014, OR = 4.143), education (p-value = 0.015, OR = 0.291), pathology (p-value < 0.001, OR = 17.000), metastasis (p-value = 0.018, OR = 4.894), neck dissection (p-value < 0.001, OR = 52.381), frozen margin (p-value < 0.001 OR = 8.000), recurrence (p-value = 0.001, OR = 6.273), and status of chemoradiotherapy (p-value < 0.001) were significantly associated with survival rate. Logistic regression revealed that survival was associated with gender (p-value = 0.040, OR = 23.689), level of education (p-value = 0.019, OR = 0.019), and neck dissection (p-value = 0.019, OR = 175.781). According to univariate analysis, pathology (p-value = 0.003), neck dissection (p-value = 0.024), frozen margin (p-value = 0.004), and chemoradiotherapy (p-value = 0.026) were significantly associated with QoL. Linear regression revealed that QoL was associated with none of the measured factors., Conclusion: In conclusion, gender, level of education, and neck dissection were related to 3-year patients' survival. None of the measured factors in this study were associated with QoL., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)