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Purpose: The harmony between the lips and the chin is an essential parameter in facial esthetics, and the mentolabial sulcus (MLS) represents the level of this harmony. This study aimed to assess the effect of MLS depth on facial profile attractiveness in long-face, short-face, and normal-face Iranian female individuals., Methods: An observational study with a questionnaire was conducted, and a profile photograph of an Iranian female with class I occlusion was altered to create long-face, normal-face and short-face profiles with MLS depth ranging from 1 to 12 mm. Sixty-five lay people and 24 orthodontists rated the attractiveness of images using a 7-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and Spearman's correlation coefficient using IBM SPSS Ver. 22., Results: The ideal depth of MLS ranged from 5 to 7 mm for normal-face and short-faced and 6-8 mm for long-face Iranian females. The acceptable MLS depth was found to be up to 8 mm in normal-face and up to 10 mm in long-face and short-face females. normal-face images acquired the maximum score of attractiveness, followed by short-face images, while long-face images were the least attractive according to both observer groups. There was general agreement amongst orthodontists and lay people scoring process; however, orthodontists gave significantly higher scores for normal face images than lay people., Conclusion: The optimal MLS depth in different facial types should be considered in treatment planning for orthognathic surgery and genioplasty., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethical approval: The ethics committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences approved the study design (Ethics code: IR.AJUMS.REC.1397.375). All methods were carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Consent for participation: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects and/or their legal guardian(s) for participation in the study. All methods were carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Introduction: Anthropology is the scientific exploration of the human body morphology. The present study aims to establish the anthropometric norms among young Persian ethnic women and compare them with golden proportion, a mathematical formula in facial esthetics., Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on Persian women between July 2020 and January 2021. Persian women were randomly selected based on the inclusion criteria of the study. Two standard photos were taken of each participant in profile and frontal angle, and then the anthropometric ratios were extracted and compared in different groups., Results: Two hundred twenty-five Persian women aged 20-50 years with an average age of 32.4 ± 7.09 were included. The golden ratio in Fars ethnicity was 1.79 ± 0.24. Forehead height I significantly increased with age (p value = 0.03). Philtrum length also showed a significant age-related increase (p value = 0.001). Lower and upper lip heights increased with age (p value = 0.002). Our results revealed statistically significant differences in the mean labial fissure width among the three age groups (p value = 0.009). Lower vermilion height significantly decreased with increasing age (p value = 0.028). The mentolabial and nasal dorsum angles exhibited significant differences among the age groups (p value = 0.002). Furthermore, the jaw and chin angles were notably lower in the younger age groups (p value = 0.047 and 0.001, respectively). When comparing different ethnicities, the Turk ethnicity stood out as having a significantly higher chin angle., Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study challenges the universality of the golden ratio, with Persian females demonstrating a closer adherence to a ratio of 1.75 and recommending a modified golden ratio for Middle Eastern. Our findings also highlight the importance of considering age-related changes in cosmetic interventions, particularly lip and forehead dimensions., (© 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Limited data are available regarding the reference ranges of facial proportions of the Persian population in Iran. This study aimed to establish the reference range of craniofacial anthropometric measurements in an adult Iranian population. On 100 individuals (men = women), aged 18 to 30 years with normal faces and occlusions, 34 linear and 7 angular measurements as well as 24 indices were calculated. The difference of measurements between men and women were evaluated by paired t-test. The data were compared with the norms of North American whites using 1-sample t-test. The subjects belonged to 5 ethnic groups (57% from Fars, 14% from Kord, 11% from Azari, 10% from Gilaki-Mazani, and 2% from Lor). All head measurements were greater in men except for the head index and the head height. The subjects had leptoprosopic faces. The intercanthal width was almost one third of the biocular width and greater than the eye fissure length. Although the nose width of women was significantly smaller, both sexes had leptorrhine noses. The chin height and lower chin height were greater in men. In comparison with North American whites, considerable differences were found regarding head height and width, biocular width, nose height, face height, mouth width, and upper chin height. In conclusion, the reference range of craniofacial anthropometric measurements established for the Iranian population might be efficiently used for esthetic treatments.

Objectives: By finding the mean value of anthropometric parameters in normal samples of a population, it is possible to create a template for facial analysis. The aim of our study was to measure the anthropometric parameters in 0- to 12-year-old girls of Fars ethnic origin in the Northeast of Iran., Study Design: Six hundred sixty-two newborn to 12-year-old girls of Fars ethnic origin participated in the study. A digital camera was used to take frontal full-face photographs of each child. Thirteen measurements were taken with the Smile Analyzer software: al-al, ch-ch, en-en, ex-ex, ft'-ft', go'-go', t-t, zy'-zy', n'-gn', n'-sn, t-g', t-gn', t-sn. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software at the significance level of 0.05., Results: In almost all parameters, we found significant growth acceleration between 2 and 4 years as well as 5 and 6 years of age. Another growth spurt was seen between 9 and 11 years, although it was less noticeable. Comparing the linear regression equations suggests that different craniofacial dimensions do not grow similarly., Conclusions: By age, craniofacial dimensions change at different rates. Different craniofacial dimensions do not grow at consistent rates. Some parts grow slower compared with others. The intercanthal width has the slowest growth. Facial height shows the fastest growth.

Facial soft tissue cephalometric parameters are specific to each society. These measurements should be considered during planning treatment for orthodontic patients. We establish lateral cephalometric facial soft tissue norms in adolescent boys and girls with normal occlusion in Mashhad in the northeast of Iran, and compare them with those of other societies.

Background: The midfacial region is a challenging area for plastic surgeons and may vary among different races., Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the patterns of midfacial muscles in Persian (Iranian) subjects., Methods: Hemifacial fresh cadaver dissection was performed. For each cadaver, demographics, side of dissection, variation in midfacial muscles (levator alae nasi, levator labii superioris, zygomaticus major [single and bifid], zygomaticus minor, and risorius), midfacial pattern (based on Pessa classification), nasolabial shape (concave, convex, straight) and length were obtained., Results: Fifty-two hemifacial dissections were performed on 27 cadavers, of which 22 were male (81.4%). The mean age of the subjects was 40.1 +/- 14.8 years. The mean of nasolabial length was 46.4 +/- 8.3 mm (ranged from 28 to 63 mm). Straight form of nasolabial crease was the most frequent type (n = 26.50%). Levator alae nasi, levator labii superioris, and zygomaticus major were found in 100% of the subjects; however, it was not the same regarding other muscles. The incidence of bifid zygomaticus major was 19.2% (10 hemifacials) in our series. Midfacial pattern type 3 was the most common in our study, which found this type in 21 hemifacials (40.3%). We also found a new type of facial pattern in three cadavers. In this type, which is relatively similar to the type 5 of Pessa's classification, zygomaticus minor was absent and the zygomaticus major was bifid., Conclusions: This study revealed that midfacial pattern and nasolabial crease shape are different between Persian (Iranian) and Western subjects. It seems that based on these differences and some other unknown anatomic diversity between different races, some of the defined cosmetic frames may need minor revisions to be applicable for Persian faces. More studies in this field are recommended.

This study was carried out on 100 photographs of Iranian young adult females, ages ranging from 16 to 40 years. Each photograph was scanned, the image was projected onto a computer monitor, and computerized sketches were obtained from them. With the help of a review committee, 10 of the best sketches were selected and analyzed. The linear and angular measurements were made to the nearest 0.5 mm with dial calipers and a standard protractor with 0.5 mm increments. A total of 15 measurements were analyzed in the study. Our measurements were compared with North American Caucasian female. The upper and lower lip projections were significantly more prominent in our study. Total facial angle was less prominent in our study in comparison with the North American Caucasian females. These findings led to the conclusion that Iranian females have faces which are more convex than North American Caucasian females. The frontonasal angle was more prominent in our study in comparison with the Farkas study of North American Caucasian females. Other linear and angular measurements did not show significant difference between our study and North American Caucasian females.