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Copyright of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study aimed at identifying and quantifying the idioms used in three ILI "Advanced" level textbooks based on three different English corpora; MICASE, BNC and the Brown Corpus, and comparing the frequencies of the idioms across the three corpora. The first step of the study involved searching the books to find multi-word idiomatic expressions used in each. Idioms matching criteria for idiomaticity were selected and searched in the three online corpora to find their frequency of occurrence. Chi-square tests were then run to discover whether there were significant differences among the frequencies of occurrence of each idiom across each corpus. Having the number of idioms in each textbook, two other chi-square tests were then run, the first aiming at finding out if there were any significant differences among the three books in terms of idiom types and the second, to compare their tokens. The results showed that the books were different in terms of both number and type of idioms. It was also found that the idioms chosen for these "Advanced" level books did not meet necessary frequency criteria according to the literature, which could be attributed to representativeness issues of the corpora or their scope in terms of language level, genre and speaker's age.

Objectives: This data note documents influenza-like illness (ILI) notifications in Iran by county from 2015 to 2019 as a pre-COVID-19 dataset, providing individual and spatial data for further comprehensive spatiotemporal analysis. Due to the high contagion rate of ILI and global health impact, precise geographic mapping serves as a critical tool for public health officials and researchers to monitor, mitigate, and predict epidemics. By utilizing advanced spatial-temporal epidemiological analysis to study disease occurrence patterns, this geodatabase can enable a better understanding and more effective management of ILIs in the future. Data description: This is the most comprehensive dataset of all individual ILI notifications in Iran between 2015 and 2019 by date of notification and county (398 counties). The database includes two data files, a help file, and a data usage agreement: Data File 1 is an Excel (.xlsx) file detailing demographic and clinical information from 109,919 ILI notifications nationwide, covering county and date of notification, patient demographics, admission details, sample types, differential diagnosis, medical history, mortality details, test results, and symptoms. Data File 2 contains spatiotemporal information in polygon shapefiles (.shp), mapping ILI notification locations by county with data on case counts for each year, total population, gender distribution, and geographic coordinates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to predict seasonal influenza activity and detection of influenza outbreaks. Data of all registered cases (n = 53,526) of influenza-like illnesses (ILIs) from sentinel sites of healthcare centers in Iran were obtained from the FluNet web-based tool, World Health Organization (WHO), from 2010 to 2015. The status of the ILI activity was obtained from the FluNet and considered as the gold standard of the seasonal activity of influenza during the study period. The cumulative sum (CUSUM) as an outbreak detection method was used to predict the seasonal activity of influenza. Also, time series similarity between the ILI trend and CUSUM was assessed using the cross-correlogram. Of 7684 (14%) positive cases of influenza, about 71% were type A virus and 28% were type B virus. The majority of the outbreaks occurred in winter and autumn. Results of the cross-correlogram showed that there was a considerable similarity between time series graphs of the ILI cases and CUSUM values. However, the CUSUM algorithm did not have a good performance in the timely detection of influenza activity. Despite a considerable similarity between time series of the ILI cases and CUSUM algorithm in weekly lag, the seasonal activity of influenza in Iran could not be predicted by the CUSUM algorithm. Highlights: Activity of influenza in Iran could not be predicted by CUSUM algorithm. The majority of the outbreaks occurred in winter and autumn. CUSUM algorithm did not have a good performance in detection of influenza outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed at determining the technical and economical characteristics of the farms engaged in dairy farming in the province of Gümüşhane. Within this scope, the counties of Kelkit, Şiran and Köse where the dairy farming is heavily performed were chosen to be the study field. 134 surveys were carried out in these counties, and descriptive analysis was applied to the obtained data. The study found that the culture breeds of animals are raised in the three counties, but most of the farmers moved since they did not earn enough from animal husbandry. To this end, it was emphasized in the study that the investors and the milk productive facilities should be established and the region should be made attractive to produce income from the dairy farming and the policy makers should contribute to the establishment of these facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines gender representation in two textbook series: Solutions, published by an international publisher, and the Iran Language Institute (ILI) series, written by local writers. Evidence of gender representation is drawn from the analysis of their religious content in the narrative texts and the illustrations. The analysis of gender representation is guided by six criteria: visibility in pictures, visibility in text, firstness, character activity, occupations, and topic dominance. The findings indicate that in both textbook series, males exhibit greater visibility and dominance in relation to character and occupation. The gender representation varies significantly. These results substantiate previous investigations conducted elsewhere, highlighting the gender imbalance in textbook representation. The examination of gender representation at the intersection of religion in local textbooks also revealed that intersectionality in social sciences can further perpetuate gender bias in educational materials. These findings serve as a call to action for textbook authors and education policymakers to prioritize gender equality representation within the context of religion and globalization in language education textbooks authored by local writers. This research holds implications for language teaching approaches fostering intercultural competence, specifically in English as a lingua franca. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yearbook of the Faculty of Political Sciences / Godisnjak Fakultet Politickih Nauka Beograd is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Political Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Forecasting the time of future outbreaks would minimize the impact of diseases by taking preventive steps including public health messaging and raising awareness of clinicians for timely treatment and diagnosis. The present study investigated the accuracy of support vector machine, artificial neural-network, and random-forest time series models in influenza like illness (ILI) modeling and outbreaks detection. The models were applied to a data set of weekly ILI frequencies in Iran. The root mean square errors (RMSE), mean absolute errors (MAE), and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) statistics were employed as evaluation criteria. Results: It was indicated that the random-forest time series model outperformed other three methods in modeling weekly ILI frequencies (RMSE = 22.78, MAE = 14.99 and ICC = 0.88 for the test set). In addition neural-network was better in outbreaks detection with total accuracy of 0.889 for the test set. The results showed that the used time series models had promising performances suggesting they could be effectively applied for predicting weekly ILI frequencies and outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textbook evaluation has been a matter of interest in almost every EFL/ESL context. Since some aspects of the quality of language learning and teaching stem from the instructor's textbook adaptation and use and since different EFL/ESL textbooks target at touching different aspects of pupils' needs, carrying out an assessment of a particular textbook before its adoption and adaptation is of paramount importance. Accordingly, scrutinizing the weaknesses and strengths of the textbooks that are currently being taught in the most popular and the biggest institute of Iran seems to be inevitable. Hence, the aim of this study is to evaluate the Intermediate ILI (Iran Language Institute) English Series. To this end, eighty highly experienced male and female teachers from different branches in different cities of Iran were called for cooperation. The teachers ranged from BA holders to PhD candidates. In order to obtain the intended data, a forty item questionnaire developed by David R.A Litz (2000) was given to every instructor. Analyzing the data was done by running Independent samples t-test and basic statistics in SPSS 16 package for windows. The results show that although the series favor some strong points, the majority of the sections of the textbooks suffer a few number of pitfalls. Moreover, the overall evaluation of the series manifests the average level of satisfaction in every component on the part of the teachers. Also, the ideas of male and female instructors were different in "Conclusion", "Subject and Content" and "Language Type" categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black‐headed penduline tit (Remiz macronyx) is a poorly known bird species mainly distributed in Iran, Turkmenistan, and Kazakhstan. The distribution of black‐headed penduline tit is disjointed and fragmented, and it occurs only along lakes or rivers surrounded by extensive reedbeds. Four subspecies of R. macronyx have been recognized (macronyx, neglectus, nigricans, and ssaposhnikowi). The ssaposhnikowi subspecies was previously known to occur only around lakes in southeastern Kazakhstan. In this study, we reported the first confirmed breeding record of R. m. ssaposhnikowi in the Nalati wetland, Ili, Xinjiang, China, extending the distribution range of the black‐headed penduline tit by 350 km to the east. We also obtained new information about the morphology and breeding behavior of R. m. ssaposhnikowi, which can be useful for the taxonomy of penduline tits, especially in distinguishing black‐headed penduline tits from Eurasian penduline tits (R. pendulinus). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Javid tribe is one of the four tribes of the Lor Mamasani Union of Fars. This clan lived with Rostam, Dushman Ziyari, and Bekash clans in the northwest of Fars. Their tasks were leadership, cohesion, and support of the public in political and social developments. The management system among them somehow showed the tribe's management style in this union. This system always underwent changes due to reasons, such as the competition for the post of sheriffdom and involvement of central government agents in the selection of sheriffs. Considering the importance of changing the sheriffs of the Javid clan and people’s actions in the mentioned region in the socio-political stances of the Mamasani tribe and the way the events were influenced by their actions, this research aimed to investigate the influence of government officials in the process of changing the sheriffs of the Javid tribe and the people’s reactions. Regarding these governmental changes during the Qajar period, Javid intended to answer this question: which people or families in the post of sheriffdom underwent a rise and fall caused by the change of sheriffs in Javid tribe? The research investigated this issue based on a library method with the help of new documents belonging to some local families and through the comparative study of the gravestones of the families of the management station in this area and interviews with people, who were knowledgeable about the issues of the area. Introduction Throughout history, the tribes and nomadic population of Iran have always been a significant part of Iranian society. Until the middle of the 14th century of Hijri, it included about a quarter of Iran's population. They played an effective role in many political, social, and economic developments. Most of the Iranian governments during the Islamic period were formed by these people. In the contemporary period, tribes have played a major role in political, social, and economic events. The most important reason for this was the tribal military power based on mutual relations between local leaders and common people. In the social structure of tribes, local leaders, Kodkhodayans and Rish Sefids, were the first core of leadership in adopting the strategies and decisions of Ili support. Other classes that played a more social mobilization role in tribal reactions were placed in lower ranks. In this regard, it should be said that when the local leaders moved against the public interests in pursuit of their personal interests, the local social contexts were put in a reactive position and then moved out of the reactive position. Through this collective movement, they adopted a single political behavior based on tribal or regional reaction to achieve cohesion by not following the tribal leaders. The tribal movements of some clans of Mamsani tribe against the Qajar government were a function of such tribal actions. Based on this, the set of conflicts between the governments and the Memsani tribes and tribes caused confrontations with the central government and conflicts between these tribal communities and the policies that the rulers adopted to monitor them. The election of sheriffs in Taifah Javed from among the most influential khans in political, military, economic, and social terms was done by government agents. In fact, the sheriff was the "khan" of the khans and people of every tribe. In Mamsani clans, sheriffs were often appointed. Also, there was no clerical position in this tribe, while its absence was considered a major social political weakness of the tribe system because this structure led to the selection of a single leadership for making the unity and cohesion of the said tribe against external threats and solving problems and disputes within the tribe. Moreover, the security of this province could be ensured. The reason for the absence of the position of Ilkhani in the Mamsani tribe was the policy approach of the Qajar and British governments for leading the collapse of the cohesion and unity of the Mamsani tribe. This disconnection caused overlapping of the language, race, and culture of the Mamseni region with those of the surrounding areas, as well as differences and rivalries within the tribes. Materials and Methods In this study, library, documentary, and field study methods were used to explain changes of the sheriffs of the Mamasani Javid tribe in the Qajar period based on new local documents and cemetery petroglyphs. To this aim, the researchers used private unclassified documents obtained from local informants besides conducting interviews with them. Discussion of Results and Conclusions The results showed that the administration of the Javid clan was centered on Kodkhoda until the time of Baqer Khan during the Zandiya period. The ancestors of the sheriffs of this district had military careers. However, during the Qajar era, the Mamsani clan's police system underwent drastic changes under the influence of such factors as enmity with the central government, intervention of the Bushehri family, and rivalry and conflict with the Qashqai leaders. These changes caused the removal of a large number of sheriffs and dependence of the emerging Khanin. In the Javid tribe, with the murder of Baqir Khan Javidi committed by the people of Javid Leh Leh due to the rebellion against Zandiyeh and possible support of the Qajars, a new generation emerged in the family of the sheriff of this district in the field of sociopolitical developments of the tribe. According to the local documents available to the people of the region and comparison of cemetery petroglyphs, the system of administrative sheriff of the Javid clan changed again to the system of codkhodas with the arrival of Qaid Khosrow and implementation of contracts and management of clan affairs in the hands of Kodkhodas and Rish Sefids later. Of course, the police position of the mentioned family continued its political and social life in a weakened state and was respected by the people. The transfer of properties of Momsani region and Javid clan to Moin al-Tajjar Bushehri and his involvement in the political and social developments of the region caused clan differences, social dissension, and competition of the Kalantari family in the appointment of the director of Ili. These differences led to war, bloodshed, and fratricide in this clan. After the end of the Kadkhodasalary era in the competition of the Khani families to reach power following Shahbazkhani's descendants, the Rostam Khani family entered the managerial position of the clan and Reza Qoli Khan, the son of Azad Khan, was killed in a conspiracy. In the rivalry between the sons of Qaidelhil in the fight between Ismail Khan and Morteza Qoli Khan, this rivalry became more intense. The support of Javid Mahori's Kadkhodas to Morteza Qoli Khan made this conflict and competition more inflamed and finally led to the murder of Morteza Qoli Khan committed by by Ismail Khan. The Qajars repeatedly changed the number of police positions between Ismail Khan and Khan Baba Khan by taking bribes. In Zali Khan's fight with Ismail Khan, these same Qajars once again restored Rostam Khan's descendants to power. As mentioned, the occasional support of the Bushehari family, as well as their discord, led to the split of the Javed clan into two factions, Mahori and Leh. The removal of Iskandar Khan from the circle of power and competition and the leadership of Khalil Khan over the Mahori clan and Fethullah Khan over the Javed Lelah section made the beginning of a social break in the Javid clan. This separation made the future of this clan face a dark horizon when faced with issues, such as British agents, Qajar government agents, and Qashqai leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Health Bulletin / Zdravstveni Glasnik is the property of Faculty of Health Studies, University of Mostar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although a range of studies has explored the effectiveness of group-dynamic assessment (G-DA) and process-based instruction (PBI) in second language (L2) learning, no study has compared the effects of G-DA and PBI on EFL learners' metacognitive awareness (MA) and listening comprehension (LC). Thus, this study aimed to explore the effects of G-DA and PBI on fostering EFL learners' metacognitive awareness (MA) and listening comprehension (LC) in Iran. For this purpose, a total of one hundred and sixty intermediate EFL learners were selected through a convenience sampling method at Iran Language Institute (ILI) and were homogenized using the Key English Test (KET). The EFL learners whose scores fell around the mean score were chosen and randomly allocated as G-DA group (n = 30), PBI group (n = 30), and control group (n = 30). Afterward, they went through a pre-test, interventions (lasting 16 one-hour sessions held twice a week) and a post-test. The interactions in the classes were also meticulously recorded. The collected data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and a microgenetic development approach. Findings evidenced that the G-DA group and PBI group outperformed the control group concerning the gains in MA and LC. However, the findings evidenced that G-DA was more effective than PBI to foster the EFL learners' MA and LC. Additionally, the complementary qualitative results documented that the proper feedback offered in line with the principles and procedures of G-DA and PBI contributed to developing the participants' MA and LC. The study ends by offering some implications for the relevant stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rudarsko-Geolosko-Naftni Zbornik is the property of Faculty of Mining, Geology & Petroleum Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Genetika (0534-0012) is the property of Serbian Genetics Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Art of Words / Umjetnost Riječi is the property of Umjetnost Rijeci and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rudarsko-Geolosko-Naftni Zbornik is the property of Faculty of Mining, Geology & Petroleum Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rudarsko-Geolosko-Naftni Zbornik is the property of Faculty of Mining, Geology & Petroleum Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Cultural Studies / Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Cultural Studies / Kultur Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Croatian Journal of Fisheries is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Veterinarska Stanica is the property of Croatian Veterinary Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background/Objective: Abortions in livestock herds are a major contributor to economic losses. The incidence of fungal aetiology has been reported thus far. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of abortions due to fungi in referred cases to the Center of Excellence in Ruminant Abortion and Neonatal Mortality, Veterinary Hospital of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran, from different provinces of Iran. Methods: A total of 200 calves were referred between 2018 and 2022. Samples were taken from the lungs, liver, spleen and abomasum. The fungi present in the cultures were analysed microscopically and morphologically. Results: There were varying contamination levels in the liver, spleen and lungs, with prevalence ranging from 15% to 17%. Abdomasum had a 1% prevalence rate. Different fungal species, including Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans), Aspergillus spp., Rhodotorula spp., Trichosporon spp., Candida spp., Geotrichum spp., Penicillium spp. and Mucor spp., were identified, indicating a diverse range of pathogens affecting calves. The specificity of fungal contaminants in certain organs, such as C. neoformans, Rhodotorula spp. and Trichosporon spp., highlighted the organ's microenvironment as a potential factor influencing fungal growth. Conclusion: As fungi are emerging as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in animals, the growing role of fungi in livestock abortions should be investigated. As clinical signs are not pathognomonic, laboratory help is imperative to confirm fungal abortion diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Agroveterinarias is the property of Revista de Ciencias Agroveterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Düzce University Journal of Forestry / Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi is the property of Duzce University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: This study measures the COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (CVE) against hospital admission and severe COVID-19. Methods: This study is a test-negative case-control design using data from eight provinces in April, 2021 until March, 2022. The individuals were classified as cases and controls based on the results of the RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 and matched based on the timing of the test being conducted as well as the timing of hospital admission. The measure of association was an odds ratio (OR) by univariate and multiple logistic regression. The multiple logistic regression has been carried out to take confounding factors and potential effect modifiers into account. The CVE was computed as CVE = (1 – OR)*100 with 95% confidence interval. Results: Among 19314 admitted patients, of whom 13216 (68.4%) were cases and 6098 (31.6%) were controls, 1313 (6.8%) died. From total, 5959 (30.8%) patients had received the vaccine in which one, two, and booster doses were 2443 (12.6%), 2796 (14.5٪), and 720 (3.7٪), respectively. The estimated adjusted effectiveness of only one dose, two doses and booter vaccination were 22% (95% CI: 14%-29%), 35% (95% CI: 29%-41%) and 33% (95% CI: 16%-47%), respectively. In addition, the adjusted vaccine effectiveness against severe outcome was 33% (95% CI: 19%- 44%), 34% (95% CI: 20%- 45%) and 20% (95% CI: -29%- 50%) for those who received one, two and booster vaccinations, respectively. Conclusion: Our study concluded that full vaccination, though less effective compared to similar studies elsewhere, decreased hospital admissions and deaths from COVID-19 in Iran, particularly during the Delta variant period, with an observed decline during the Omicron variant dominance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis is the property of Nis University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Vocabulary learning is indispensable in the process of second language (L2) learning and plays a pivotal role in this regard. At the heart of this issue is the homonymous conflict, which is more problematic and very difficult to deal with. Therefore, the current study was undertaken to cast a little bit of light on homonyms instruction in the area of learners' L2 vocabulary development and retention. In this vein, four intact classes of Iran Language Institute (ILI) comprised of 46 young female EFL learners aged from 9-10 years old enrolled in the present study whose English proficiency level was elementary. Signing the Assent form, the participants were given a proficiency test for homogenizing. They were divided into two groups of experimental and control. The former group favored the explicit, simultaneous and concurrent homonymous set of words instruction; however, the latter one encountered the accidental and incidental homonyms instruction through various texts. The results obtained from vocabulary achievement test indicated that in the vocabulary development phase, both methods appeared to be significantly effective in the short run, but the participants in the experimental group revealed a better performance. Moreover, after administrating the delayed post-test, the analysis elicited that homonyms instruction significantly hindered the vocabulary recovery and retention of the learners just in the Experimental group three weeks later. Hence, the outcome of this piece of study provided various remarkable implications for teachers to reinforce learners' vocabulary repertoire through context, and led to give some insights into homonyms instruction via metalinguistic awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Botanica Serbica is the property of University of Belgrade, Institute of Botany & Botanical Garden Jevremovac and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Genetika (0534-0012) is the property of Serbian Genetics Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Genetika (0534-0012) is the property of Serbian Genetics Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Influenza is one of the most important viral diseases with high mortality and morbidity that can have a great impact on public health and economy. Objective: To investigate the clinical and epidemiological features of influenza virus A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B infection in Fars province, southern Iran, in 2015-2019. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we assessed the archived data of Syndromic Surveillance System of Iran's Health Ministry, allowed access by Communicable Diseases' Unit of Health chancellor of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, from December 22, 2015 to September 22, 2019. The participants included all patients whose data were recorded as influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infections/illness (SARI). Influenza viral infection was confirmed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Totally, 1269 patients suspected of influenza were sampled. The mean ± SD of age was 29.40 ± 26.91 years. Fever was the most common symptom (68.6%). The highest incidence was in winter (55.9%). Of 928/1269 laboratory's results which were recorded in the registry, 204 (16.08%) samples were positive and 724 (57.05%) were negative. Among 204 positive results, 191 (15.05%) were influenza type A, and 8 (0.63%) influenza type B. Among patients with definite influenza type A, 34 (2.68%) had H1N1/p subtype, 58 (4.57%) H3N2, and one (0.08%) had other subtypes; however, subtypes were not identified in 7.72% of patients. Six (3.0%) patients with confirmed influenza expired. Conclusion: The incidence of influenza, especially type A, in Fars province, southern Iran is considerable and requires more attention for prevention in health policy programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rudarsko-Geolosko-Naftni Zbornik is the property of Faculty of Mining, Geology & Petroleum Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pesticides & Phytomedicine / Pesticidi i Fitomedicina is the property of Institute of Pesticides & Environmental Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on the landing of Soviet troops in Anzali in 1920 and the subsequent establishment of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Iran (SSRI), highlighting how Bolshevik ideology and Soviet interests influenced these events. Topics include the role of regional actors like the Caucasian Bureau and Soviet Azerbaijan leadership, the internal conflicts within the revolutionary coalition in Gilan, and Moscow's shift towards diplomatic.

This study aimed at investigating children and young adult EFL learners of Iran Language Institute(ILI) and their course books in the light of Multiple Intelligence (MI) Theory. To achieve this aim, 240 EFL learners participated in this study. First, the students' intelligence profiles were identified by adapting and using Lazear's (1994) children's questionnaire and Christion's (1996, 1998) young adults' MI survey. Secondly, all the nine children's course books along with seven young adults' taught in Iran Language Institute (ILI) were evaluated through the MI checklist to determine the extent to which MI theory is reflected in these course books. The analysis of the course books' activities revealed that both series of course books mostly catered to verbal/linguistic and visual/spatial intelligences. The least dominant intelligences were intrapersonal and naturalist intelligence types, and no example of the naturalist intelligence was found in the young adult coursebooks' activities. The results of the study also showed the discrepancies between students' and course books' MI profiles. As opposed to the course books' MI profile, a balanced distribution of intelligence types were observed among both children and young adult students; i.e., students preferred all types of intelligences in varying approximate degrees. The findings of the study have some pedagogical implications for teachers, coursebook designers, teacher educators and material developers to consider MI theory and language learners' MI profile in designing course books and using classroom activities.

Copyright of Ermeni Arastirmalari is the property of Center for Eurasian Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Genetika (0534-0012) is the property of Serbian Genetics Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Genetika (0534-0012) is the property of Serbian Genetics Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study aimed at finding the degree of relationship between Iranian learners' learning styles and their preferences in using specific language learning strategies. The study was conducted on female EFL learners at the Iran Language Institute (ILI) in advanced levels and also university students of English teaching at Azad University of Mashhad. By employing such instrumentation as the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) and also Language Learning Style (LLS) questionnaire the investigator found a significant relationship between learning styles and learning strategies used by the learners. Based on the results it can be concluded that learners scoring higher on the SILL performed better on the LLS, leading t o the conclusion that SILL has a significant impact on LLS. Based on the factor analysis it was found out that cognitive, metacognitive, and most of all affective strategies showed a great correlation with the auditory style of learning. Also, metacognitive and most of all memory and social strategies showed a great correlation with the kinesthetic style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to determine the genetic parameters of autosomal and sexlinked effects for birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), average daily gain from birth to weaning (ADG) and kleiber ratio (KR) of Makuie sheep. The data set used in this study was collected at Makuie sheep breeding station in West Azerbaijan province, Iran, between 1994 and 2011. The fixed effects included herd-year, sex (male or female), birth type (single or twin), and age of dam (five classes, 2-6 years old). The three multivariate linear animal models including direct (autosomal and sex-linked) and maternal effects were used to analyze data. The 2nd model (including direct additive genetic effects of animal (autosomal and sex-linked) and permanent environmental effects), with the lowest AIC value was considered as the most appropriate model. Based on the most appropriate fitted model, direct autosomal and sex-linked heritabilities of BW, WW, ADG and KR were 0.12±0.04 and 0.03±0.03, 0.18±0.04 and 0.05±0.03, 0.37±0.04 and 0.04±0.03, and 0.52±0.05 and 0.07±0.04, respectively. The magnitude of sex-linked variances as a proportion of phenotypic variance obtained by the best model were 4%, 4.5%, 3% and 5.7% for BW, WW, ADG and KR, respectively. Also, the autosomal and sex-linked chromosomes, maternal permanent environmental and phenotypic correlations were ranged from -0.20 to 0.96, 0.11 to 0.84, -0.34 to 0.89 and -0.20 to 0.91, respectively. The results of this study indicated that the sex-linked chromosomes have an affect like maternal effects, and it could contribute to a more accurate estimation of the direct autosomal heritability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If we intend to successfully integrate Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in the general educational programs, it is important to utilize available methods and resources. This paper argues that English Language Learning textbooks in Iran have the potential to be useful resources and a viable springboard for the implementation of ESD. For this purpose, the present study explores the content of English textbook series developed by Iranian authors through the lenses of ESD. The framework for analysis was based on UNESCO's Earth Charter and the Roadmap for Implementing the Global Action Program on ESD. The findings reveal that the themes of sustainability are present in these English textbooks to a good extent. However, the results suggest that there must be a more even distribution of such themes throughout the series. Also, the role of the teacher as a facilitator in developing discussions around such themes is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a photograph of a clay tablet from the third dynasty of Ur that is currently located at the Tehran Museum in Iran. The content that was discussed include the summary of various disbursement made during the calendar year of that era, a summary of smaller accounts, and calculations of monthly expenditures.

A rich larger foraminifera assemblage from the Eocene carbonates of the south Sabzevar region (Now-Deh section) in central Iran indicates a late Ypresian to early Lutetian age. Nine species of Alveolina d’Orbigny are studied for systematics and biostratigraphy. The assemblage includes A. minuta, A. decastroi, A. cremae, A. cremae elongata, A. decipiens ayrancensis, A. celali, A. rugosa, A. cuspidata, A. frumentiformis. We have also found nummulitids (genus Nummulites and Assilina) and orthophragmines identified as N. campesinus, N. praediscorbinus, A. placentula, A. praespira, A. reicheli, A. ex. intrec. laxispira-maior and Discocyclina archiaci bartholomei. The recovery of Alveolina cremae elongata, A. decipiens ayrancensis, A. celali, A. rugosa, A. cuspidata and Assilina praespira has permitted for the first time to extend their geographical distribution outside of the classical peri-Mediterranean area to the central Tethys regions. The obtained biostratigraphy points to the Shallow Benthic Zones SBZ11 to SBZ13, indicating the occurrence of a Lower-–Middle Eocene carbonate system. Part of the age model is supported by the calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy that belong to the NP14b and CNE8 biozones, recorded from the central portion of the studied section. Issues regarding the application of the SBZ into the Middle East domains are discussed in terms of relative stratigraphic position and biogeographic dispersal of some significant Alveolina species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rising temperatures of 1.5–4 °C by the end of the twenty-first century and continuing after 2100 have caused climate change to threaten food security. Indeed, the rainfed production of strategic crops such as wheat in countries such as Iran, which are likely to be highly affected by climate change, is very important. This study aimed to identify the suitable areas for rainfed wheat cultivation and the yield gap estimation in current and future climatic conditions using geographical analysis, a crop simulation model, and the GYGA protocol in Iran. For this, environmental variables (including average, minimum, and maximum temperatures, rainfall) along with topographic (slope, elevation) and edaphic components (such as organic carbon, pH, EC, [CaCO3], exchangeable sodium percentage, cation exchange capacity, and soil erosion) were involved. The results revealed that around 30% of the total areas (6.62 million ha) are not suitable at all, while just 13% of total lands (2.97 million ha) were highly suitable and suitable. These areas are mainly located in the northern part of Iran. The study of the climate change scenarios indicated that the northern, northwestern, and western parts of the country have great potential for rainfed wheat production and future climate change will benefit wheat production in these areas, but in other parts of the country, more unfavorable conditions are expected. The mean water-limited potential yield (Yw) difference between marginally suitable to not suitable classes was narrow (< 0.3 t ha−1), while for highly suitable to moderately suitable classes was about 2.5 t ha−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to evaluate performance sensitivity to the Cumulus Parameterization Scheme (CPS) used for the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to predict the atmospheric river‐related precipitation (ARP) event with 206 and 57 mm, highest and area‐averaged precipitation (AAP) per 24‐h, respectively, that occurred over the central mountainous basins of Iran on 31 March 2019. For this purpose, experiments were designed using the 12 (almost all) CPSs available in WRF v4. To verify the predicted precipitation (from the inner 4‐km domain), both point‐scale and grid‐scale comparisons were performed against gauge‐ and satellite‐based observational data at three accumulation time‐scales (12‐, 18‐, and 24‐h) and in three distinct sub‐regions. All scores obtained from the different statistical metrics used, are in complete agreement with a strongly dependent performance of WRF on the CPS used. In addition, the use of Kain‐Fritsch, KF‐CuP, and Grell‐3 CPSs could provide a realistic picture of impending heavy precipitation for WRF. Contrary, the New SAS, Tiedtke, and Zhang‐McFarlane CPSs did not perform satisfactorily in predicting the ARP event. As a result, CPSs with the "momentum transport" option in their modification mechanism are unlikely to adequately simulate the conversion of incoming low‐level moisture from atmospheric river to precipitation. However, precipitation predictions are more accurate at the 24‐h accumulation time‐scale than at the 12‐ and 18‐h. Also, a dry bias in the predictions is expected as the terrain elevation and accumulation time‐scale decrease and the distance from the core of the precipitation field increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, technology has changed the methods of teaching and assessment in educational settings all over the world. One notable innovation that has gained prominence in English language teaching (ELT) is the utilization of e-portfolios to evaluate and enhance students' writing and, potentially, speaking skills. While students have shown positive attitudes toward integrating e-portfolios in speaking classes, teachers' attitudes toward this pedagogical method remain undisclosed. Therefore, this study investigates teachers' attitudes toward e-portfolios in speaking classes based on the data collected from semi-structured and focused group interviews. The data was obtained from the Iran Language Institute (ILI), a leading institution for teaching English in Tehran. A grounded theory approach was used to analyze and evaluate 10 semi-structured interviews and focus groups. While some challenges are to overcome, teachers appear positive about implementing e-portfolios in speaking classes. As a result of teachers' attitudes towards e-portfolios, four categories emerged: ownership and responsibility, reflection (peer and self), teacher self-improvement, and drawbacks.

Copyright of Genetika (0534-0012) is the property of Serbian Genetics Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: To improve the patient care, public health surveillance, and infection control, it is crucial to identify the presence and frequency of the common respiratory infections in individuals with COVID-19 symptoms but tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to shed light on this during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 1,002 patients with acute respiratory infection who had negative SARS-CoV-2 test results and referred to Valfajr Health Center, the National Collaborating Laboratory of Influenza and COVID-19 National Reference Laboratory at Pasteur Institute of Iran were recruited between January 2020 and January 2022. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab samples were collected to detect 17 common respiratory viruses via TaqMan one-step real-time multiplex PCR. Demographic and clinical data of the participants were obtained from their electronic medical records. Results: In total, 218 samples (21.8%) were tested positive for at least one respiratory virus infection. Most of the common investigated respiratory viruses belonged to the years 2020 and 2022. The number of investigated patients in 2021 was few, which highlights the impact of health measures following the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Influenza A was the most common virus (5.8%), while adenovirus had the lowest prevalence (0.1%). Although the rate of respiratory virus infection was higher in men (24%) compared to women (19.3%), this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.069). The prevalence of respiratory viruses had an inverse association with increasing age, with the highest rate (55.6%) observed in the age group below 2 years and the lowest rate (12.7%) in those above 65 years. Conclusion: Our findings underscore the significance of adopting a comprehensive approach to respiratory infections detection and management. These results can be employed for the development of syndromic surveillance systems and implementation of the effective infection control measures. Furthermore, the results contribute to better understanding of the dynamics of respiratory viruses, both during pandemic periods and in non-pandemic contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the rhetorical features and effectiveness of academic commentary in teacher evaluation in the Iranian context. The study analyzes 200 commentaries written by observers in Iran and develops a questionnaire to assess their effectiveness. The results show that the commentaries have a rhetorical structure representative of academic commentary in Iran, with common moves of establishing rapport, presenting evaluation, and closing. The article emphasizes the importance of understanding the rhetorical features of academic commentary to gain insight into its purpose and use. The document also includes references to various sources related to classroom observation and evaluation. [Extracted from the article]

Informal Digital Learning of English (IDLE), such as watching online videos, playing games, or chatting with English speakers beyond the classroom, has received increasing attention over recent years as a potential source of intercultural competence (IC) and second language willingness to communicate (L2 WTC) development among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. However, little is known about how IDLE influences IC and L2 WTC among EFL learners, who face various challenges and opportunities in learning and using English in Iran. Thus, this research examined the relationship between IDLE and IC and L2 WTC in Iranian EFL learners. For this purpose, the study was conducted with the participation of 325 EFL learners from a language institute in Arak City, Iran, who were selected using convenience sampling. The participants completed the Digital Informal Learning Scale, the Intercultural Competence Scale, and the Willingness to Communicate Questionnaire. The results of the structural equation modeling revealed that IDLE had a significant positive association with both IC and L2 WTC. Further, the results indicated that IDLE dimensions, such as cognitive, meta-cognitive, social, and motivational aspects were significantly related to IC and L2 WTC. The findings approve that promoting IDLE among Iranian EFL learners could enhance their intercultural awareness and communication skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]