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Background: There is increasing evidence that surgical approaches to weight loss (bariatric surgery) are the most effective and steady treatment for morbidly obese patients. This study assessed the nutritional status of obese participants candidates for laparoscopic gastric plication (LGP) before and after the surgery. Materials and Methods: Our study was conducted on 38 participants aged 18 to 65, with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 41.45±5.68 kg/m2, scheduled for LGP. BMI and Dietary intakes were assessed at baseline and 6 months after surgery. The mean daily energy intake and microand macronutrients were calculated and compared with the dietary reference intake each time. Results: The mean excess weight loss was 44.45±9.78%. The mean daily energy intake decreased to one-third of the baseline 6 months after surgery. All patients had a low intake of protein, vitamins A, D, and folic acid before and after LGP. After surgery, over 60% of patients had inadequate vitamin B1, B2, B3, B6, calcium, and iron levels. Conclusion: 6 months after LGP, our results demonstrated dietary deficiencies, including inadequate protein and certain micronutrients. Some of these nutritional deficiencies existed before surgery and persisted or worsened after surgery. In order to ensure optimal health before and after surgery, patient care should place a strong emphasis on nutritional counseling and supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study designed to discover the link between a body shape index (ABSI) and hip index (HI) with cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) in Iranian children and adolescents. Subjects and methods: In a nationwide cross-sectional survey, 4200 students who were 7–18 years old were chosen via a multistage cluster sampling method in 30 provinces of Iran in 2015. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined in line with the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. ABSI and HI were defined as waist circumference (m)/ [body mass index 2/3 * height (m)1/2] and hip circumference (cm) *(height/ 166 cm)0.310 *(weight / 73 kg)−0.482 respectively. Association between ABSI and HI with CMRFs as categorical and continuous variables were evaluated using multivariable logistic and linear regression analysis respectively. Results: Totally, information of 14,002 students and findings of blood samples of 3483 of them were involved in the current study. In the multivariable logistic regression, an association of HI with high triglyceride (TG) (OR: 0.99, 95 % CI: 0.98–0.99) and ABSI with MetS (OR: 11.41, 2.61–49.88) was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Also, both indices were significantly associated with overweight, generalized, and abdominal obesity. In the multivariable linear regression analysis, increasing HI (per one unit) was associated with body mass index z-score (z-BMI) (β: -0.01), waist circumference (WC) (β: 0.15), TG (β: -0.16), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (β: -0.02). Moreover, in the multivariable linear models, ABSI was significantly associated with z-BMI, WC, SBP, and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.001). Conclusions: ABSI and HI as novel body shape indices were significantly associated with some CMRFs. Therefore, these indices can be used as some useful anthropometric risk indices for predicting MetS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are few studies about the relationship between dietary patterns and aggression. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the main dietary patterns and aggression scores among adolescent girls in Iran. Methods: This cross‐sectional study was conducted on 670 adolescent girls. The 168‐item self‐administered Semi‐quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to evaluate dietary intake and to identify major dietary patterns, while factor analysis was applied. Aggression was evaluated by the validated Persian version of the Buss‐Perry questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed by crude and adjusted models. Results: Three main dietary patterns including healthy, fast food, and Western were identified. A significant positive association was found between more adherence to Western dietary pattern and the presence of a high aggression score (OR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.32–3.05, p‐trend =.001); even after adjustment for potential confounders, these findings were significant. Conclusion: Although Western dietary patterns were associated with increased aggression risk, there was no significant relationship between healthy and fast food dietary patterns and the prevalence of a high aggression score. Further studies, particularly longitudinal intervention studies, are required to clarify this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome refers to a subgroup of disorders of gut-brain interaction associated with stress-related symptoms, but gastrointestinal infection can also be considered the leading risk factor. It is well reported that coronavirus disease 2019 can also result in gastroenteritis. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the incidence of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome and stressful status among coronavirus disease 2019 patients., Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on adults with coronavirus disease 2019 referred to the Infectious Disease Clinic in Iran from November 2020 to February 2021. Patients who met all eligibility criteria were included in the study. The data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, Rome IV criteria questionnaire, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale., Results: Totally, the data obtained from 233 eligible patients (136 women, 97 men; mean age 38.41) 11.52 (years) were collected and analyzed, and 53.2% of the cases had a moderate coronavirus disease 2019. The analysis showed that 27 (11.6%) patients suffered from irritable bowel syndrome symptoms based on Rome IV criteria after the recovery from the infection. Also, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-based symptoms of depression and anxiety that occurred with coronavirus disease 2019 were reported in 27.4% and 36.9%, respectively., Conclusion: Our finding illustrated that irritable bowel syndrome symptoms based on Rome IV could occur in post-infected coronavirus disease 2019 patients. Also, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-based symptoms of depression and anxiety were more common in females and coronavirus disease 2019 infected patients with clinical symptoms including cough, shortness of breath, and sore throat.

Background: Diet changes through disasters may affect psychological health as well as general health. The present study aimed to find food security status-that is defined by having enough food for an active, healthy life-dietary patterns and their relationship with probable psychiatric disorders in earthquake survivors., Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted on 350 women who survived in East Azarbaijan earthquake (At 4:53 am on 11 August 2012). Food frequency questionnaire, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and food security questionnaire of the US Department of Agriculture were used to assess dietary patterns, psychological and food security status, respectively. P values were considered significant at <0.05., Results: Four major dietary patterns were defined based on factor analysis. These four dietary patterns explained of 37.09% variation of food intakes. Ten per cent of the population was food secure. There was no significant association between tertiles of major dietary patterns and risk of all psychological disorders (p values>0.05)., Conclusion: There was no statistically significant association between major dietary patterns and psychiatric disorders. Further well-designed studies need to find any significant association., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Aim: Adipokines are associated with several oxidative stress-related diseases and pathologic conditions. We aimed to assess the association between antioxidants and adipokines in obese adults., Methods and Materials: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 160 obese women were included. Body composition and anthropometric characteristics were measured. Dietary intakes were assessed by 3-day, 24-h dietary recall. Blood samples were obtained following an overnight fasting. Serum concentrations of adipokines including progranulin, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and Angiopoietin-related growth factor 6 (ANGPTL6) was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ANCOVA and the linear regression model analysis was performed to assess the relationship between Progranulin, RBP4, AnGPTL6, and antioxidants., Results: Mean age of included women was 39.31 ± 12.10. Mean and standard deviation for BMI was 35.05 ± 4.26 in this obese population. There was a positive significant association between ANGPTL6 and vitamin D intake (p < 0.001). Also, there was a marginal association between RBP4 and vitamin A (p = 0.063) intake, but after adjustment age, and fat mass, we found a significant association (p = 0.008). However, the associations between dietary antioxidants, progranulin, and ANGPTL6 were not statistically significant., Conclusions: ANGPTL6 and RBP4 levels directly associated with dietary vitamins D and A intake, respectively. But, according to the results, the association between ANGPTL6 and vitamin D was bidirectional. The suggested associations probably can be useful in the development of interventional studies for management of chronic diseases., (Copyright © 2019 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)