1. Evaluation of adhesin genes and risk factors associated with urinary tract infections by drug-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli in North of Iran.
- Author
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Sheikhi R, Amini ME, Alidoust L, Atrkar Roushan Z, and Nikokar I
- Subjects
- Humans, Iran epidemiology, Female, Risk Factors, Male, Adult, Middle Aged, Aged, Young Adult, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Virulence Factors genetics, Adhesins, Escherichia coli genetics, Adolescent, Child, Adhesins, Bacterial genetics, Aged, 80 and over, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial genetics, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Child, Preschool, Uropathogenic Escherichia coli genetics, Uropathogenic Escherichia coli drug effects, Urinary Tract Infections microbiology, Urinary Tract Infections epidemiology, Biofilms growth & development, Escherichia coli Infections microbiology, Escherichia coli Infections epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates, have a wide variety of virulence factors to promote colonization and survival in the urinary tract. This study aimed to evaluate adhesin genes, biofilm formation ability, antibiotic resistance profiles of UPEC strains, and the related risk factors in patients with UTIs caused by drug-resistant UPEC., Methodology: A total of 105 UPEC isolates were evaluated for biofilm formation using 96-well microtiter plates, the presence of adhesin genes by PCR assay and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern using the disk diffusion method. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients were investigated to identify predisposing factors for drug-resistant isolates., Results: Out of 105 UPEC isolates, 84.8% were positive for biofilm formation. Biofilm-producing isolates exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of fimH, kpsMTII, csgA, afa/draBC, and pap adhesin genes compared to non-biofilm-producing strains (p < 0.05). The results also revealed that 52.4% of the isolates were ESBL-producing, and 84.8% were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Further analysis of antibiotic susceptibility among ESBL-producing strains showed the highest resistance rates to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Conversely, the highest susceptibility, in addition to carbapenems, was observed for fosfomycin, amikacin, cefoxitin, and nitrofurantoin. We identified hypertension as a potential risk factor for infection with ESBL-producing UPEC strains., Conclusions: Our results revealed a significant rate of drug resistance among UPEC isolates obtained from UTIs in our region. This underscores the importance of monitoring the empirical use of antibiotics and identifying specific risk factors in our geographical area to guide the selection of appropriate empirical treatment for UTIs., Competing Interests: No Conflict of Interest is declared, (Copyright (c) 2024 Raheleh Sheikhi, Mohammad Esmaeil Amini, Leila Alidoust, Zahra Atrkar Roushan, Iraj Nikokar.)
- Published
- 2024
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