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Background: Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) is a sexually transmitted protozoan parasite and the causative agent of trichomoniasis. The genetic characterization of T. vaginalis isolates shows notable genetic variation in this parasite. In the present study, we aimed to identify the T. vaginalis genotypes based on analyzing of actin gene in women specimens referred to health centers of Ilam city, southwest Iran. Methods: A total of 1765 female samples were collected from gynecology clinics in the city of Ilam. DNA was extracted from positive samples and nested polymerase chain reaction (Nested PCR) was used to amplify the actin gene. Then, partial sequencing and genotyping of the actin gene was performed. A phylogenetic tree was drawn using the detected genotypes of T. vaginalis and reference sequences. Results: Twenty-one of the 1765 urine and vaginal samples were positive for T. vaginalis. All infected individuals were married and their age in years was between 25 to 34. Further, the majority of infected women had cervical lesions, patchy erythema, and white color discharge. According to sequencing analysis, the isolates were identified as genotype G (n= 8) and genotype E (n= 2). Conclusions: From the collected samples, we were able to distinguish at least two genotypes (G and E) of T. vaginalis. However, lesser is known about these genotypes in the city of Ilam. Further studies with a higher number of isolates should be performed in order to understand the implications of these results in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: C Trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the world, which is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. It is also the most commonly reported sexually transmitted disease after the viral infections, which affects around 180 million people around the world each year. The people infected with this parasite exhibit a wide range of symptoms. To the best of our knowledge the genetic variation, prevalence and related factors affecting the disease have not been well studied. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of T. vaginalis in women of southeast of Iran. Materials and Methods: Out of 500 patient women referred to the hospitals of Imam Khomeini in Zabol and Ali Ibn Abi Talib (AS) in Zahedan, 25 positive clinical samples were isolated from vaginal discharge and urine by culture method during June 2015 and May 2016. First, DNA was extracted and then all samples were subjected to nested PCR. Six different genotypes of actin gene were identified by PCR-RFLP in Trichomonas vaginalis in Zahedan and Zabol. All PCR products were digested with HindII, RsaI, and MesI restriction enzymes. All participants completed a questionnaire recommended by gynecologists and midwifery experts. Results: As a result, the genotypes of H, G, E, I, and N were identified in this study, from which the genotype E was the dominant genotype of T. vaginalis in Zahedan and Zabol. There was also a significant association between the type of clinical symptoms and the level of infection (P=0.0001). Conclusions: To sum up, disease as a health problem must be controlled through epidemiologic and genetic methods. Moreover, controlling the disease is closely associated with education and drug resistance or sensitivity related to genetic variation and epidemiologic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trichomonas vaginalis is a human urogenital pathogen that causes trichomoniasis, the most common nonviral, parasitic sexually transmitted infection in the world. At present, little is known regarding the degree of strain variability of T. vaginalis . A classification method for T. vaginalis strains would be a useful tool in the study of the epidemiology, drug resistance, pathogenesis and transmission of T. vaginalis . Eight different types of actin genes have been identified by PCR-RFLP in T. vaginalis ; the purpose of this study is to determine the genotypes of this parasite in Karaj city, Iran. Forty-five clinical T. vaginalis isolates from vaginal secretions and urine sediment were collected from Karaj city from 2012 through 2014. DNA was extracted and the actin gene was amplified by nested-PCR; all samples were positive. To determine the genetic differences, sequencing on seven samples was conducted. Then, all PCR products were digested with HindII, MseI, and RsaI restriction enzymes. Of 45 isolates, 23 samples (51.1%) were of actin genotype G, 11 samples (24.4%) of genotype E, six samples (13.3%) of genotype H, three samples (6.6%) of genotype I, and two samples (4.4%) were mixed genotypes of G and E. Genetic diversity of T. vaginalis isolates is notable. The actin genotype G may be the dominant genotype in Karaj city, Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is the agent of urogenital tract infection that causes human trichomoniasis with some serious health complications. More understanding about genetic features of the parasite can be helpful in the study of the pathogenesis, drug susceptibility and epidemiology of the infection. For this end, we conducted analysis of the actin gene of T. vaginalis by applying the PCR-SSCP (PCR-Single Stranded Conformational Polymorphism) and nucleotide sequencing method. Methods: Fifty T. vaginalis samples were collected from 950 women attending gynecology clinics in two cities of Iran, Hamadan and Tehran, from November 2010 to July 2011. After axenisation of isolates, all samples subjected to PCR-SSCP and nucleotide sequencing. Results: According to the SSCP banding patterns and nucleotide sequencing, seven sequence types were detected among the isolates. Alignment of the nucleotide sequences showed five polymorphic sites in the different strain types. Amino acid substitution was not observed in the nucleotide sequence translation of the all sequences. Conclusion: The actin gene analysis represents genetic diversity of T. vaginalis and it suggests that various strains can be responsible for clinically different trichomoniasis in infected individuals. It is expected that further studies will be conducted to increase our knowledge about relationship between the actin gene polymorphism and different biological behavior of the parasite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]