Search

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after cardiac surgery, and its occurrence is associated with a worse prognosis and increased mortality. The term cardiac surgery associated AKI (CSA AKI) is used to describe the entity. CSA AKI is independently associated with an increase in short term morbidity, costs of treatment, and long term mortality. In this study, we evaluated the frequency of CSA AKI in an intensive care unit for children undergoing cardiac surgery to examine the prevalence of CSA AKI and the risk factors contributing to it. Methods: This retrospective descriptive cross sectional study evaluated 73 patients admitted to a single center for cardiac surgery in 2022. Inpatient files were reviewed for patients who underwent surgical procedures for congenital heart disease (CHD) during 2022. Results: AKI occurred in 35.6% of children undergoing cardiac surgery. The majority of cases were infants or had cyanotic heart disease (42.5% and 25.8%, respectively). Conclusions: Almost one third of postcardiac surgery patients develop AKI. Monitoring for AKI postoperatively is especially necessary in infants and patients with cyanotic CHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The constitutional revolution, as the most extensive political and social movement, was one of the most important events in the political history of Iran, which was able to reduce the foundations of the absolute power of the monarchy in Iran to a constitutional monarchy and lead to the formation of administrative and civil institutions and changes in the social structure in line with its goals, i.e. freedom. Justice and independence should be alienated. The question that comes to mind when studying this historical event is why this revolution did not end and failed? In this regard, by using the structureagent theory, some factors of the failure of the constitutional flow were divided into two categories, internal and external. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the role of internal and external factors in the structure-agent model in a descriptive-analytical way. The findings of the research indicate that at the level of the internal structure, factors such as the weakness of the structure and administrative organization, the struggle of princes to gain power, and the differences and heterogeneity between the constitutionalists on the one hand, and at the external level, factors such as the dependence of agents and the obvious interference of Russia and England lead to failure of constitutional revolution and not reaching its goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for morbid obesity, resulting in long-term weight loss and considerable improvements in coexisting conditions. We conducted a histopathologic evaluation of resected stomach specimens after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Methods: We evaluated the medical records of 827 patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy between 2015 and 2018 at two major refer hospitals in Shiraz, Iran. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the pathological findings of resected stomach specimens and other variables such as age, sex, preoperative body mass index (BMI), and comorbid illnesses were evaluated. Results: Six hundred and fifty-three cases (78.9%) had chronic gastritis in some form; lymphoid follicle formation (in 197 cases), acute on chronic gastritis (in 67 cases), complete intestinal metaplasia (in 5 cases), hyperplastic polyps (in 5 cases), and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) (2 cases) were the next most common findings. Most lymphoid follicle formation was reported in the context of gastritis. Two patients with GIST and one with submucosal lymphoma received further treatment. Conclusion: Abnormal histopathologic findings were found in 88% of sleeve gastrectomy specimens. While almost no malignancies were found, less than 15% of samples were completely normal. Because of the high rate of abnormal pathologies in the resected gastric specimens and since gastric cancer is the most common gastrointestinal malignancy in Iran, we recommend that all patients in our region who are candidates for sleeve gastrectomy undergo an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy before surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological control (BC) through the release of BC agents is regarded as a potential strategy for achieving sustainable pest control and provides a way to substantially reduce pesticide use without sacrificing crop yield. Despite all its potential, understanding attitude and intention to use BC still remains low, especially among smallholder farmers. This study explored the extent to which knowledge of the adverse effects of pesticides and two components of the Health Belief Model (i.e., belief in the efficacy of BC and perceived barriers to BC) are related to: (i) farmers' attitude towards BC as a pest control method and (ii) farmers' intention to use BC in the future as a pest management practice. A random sample of 381 citrus farmers from Sari County in Mazandaran Province of Iran was used. The majority of the farmers (71.1%) had a positive attitude towards BC, while 60.1% agreed that they would use BC in the future as a pest management practice. Farmers were not well aware of the adverse effects of pesticides used in citrus fields, such as pyriproxyfen, buprofezin, and chlorpyrifos. Knowledge of the adverse effects of pesticides was not significantly associated with either dependent variable (i.e., belief in the efficacy of BC and perceived barriers to BC). However, farmers who believed in the efficacy of BC as a pest management method were more likely (P < 0.01) to have a positive attitude towards BC, while those who perceived more barriers to BC use were less likely (P < 0.01) to have a positive attitude towards BC. Findings support that (i) the promotion of the BC effectiveness is a worthy goal for providers of extension services for the promotion of BC adoption and (ii) if the perceived barriers to the adoption of BC are overcome, the rate of BC use among farmers would increase. Overall, extension programs aiming only at increasing awareness and knowledge of pesticide impacts may not succeed in promoting BC adoption. Efforts should target farmers' views of BC, promoting farmers’ belief in the efficacy of BC and lessening perceived barriers to BC use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sensory deprivation is one of the common complications of coma patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of a familiar voice to consciousness level in coma patients. Methods: A total of 13 patients with traumatic coma (8 ⩾ Glasgow's coma scale [GCS]) admitted in ICU ward were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. The experimental group was treated twice a daily each time 15 min with a familiar recorded MP3 sound for 2 weeks. The control group received only natural voices of environment. GCS applied to evaluate patients' level of consciousness. Finding: Findings showed that duration to reach GCS = 15 was significantly shorter in the experimental group (χ2= 12/96, P < 0/001). Conclusion: These findings imply that providing familiar auditory stimulation programs for coma patients in the ICU could be effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Chair Editor. After a thorough investigation, the Editor has concluded that the acceptance of this article was partly based upon the positive advice of one illegitimate reviewer report. Although purportedly a real reviewer account, the Editor has concluded that this was not of an appropriate, independent reviewer. This manipulation of the peer-review process represents a clear violation of the fundamentals of peer review, our publishing policies, and publishing ethics standards. Apologies are offered to the reviewer whose identity was assumed and to the readers of the journal that this deception was not detected during the submission process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]