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Background: The prevalence of End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) has significantly increased in developing countries and similar to the worldwide trend, the number of incident Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) stage 5 patients is also increasing in the Iran. This study aims to compare the Labor force participation in patients with hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) treatment. Method: The cross sectional study was conducted on 208 patients referred to dialysis centers of north of Iran and Tehran, between January 2015 and January 2016. A checklist was designed to gather data of labor participation and socioeconomic status of patients. In addition Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL) questionnaire was used to calculate mental and physical health of patients. All statistical analysis were done using STATA SE software version 13.1. Results: The study highlights several findings including the higher mental and physical health quality of life, higher average monthly income in PD employed patients. Also, the type of treatment had significant relationship with labor force participation and it was higher for patients using peritoneal dialysis. Conclusion: It seems the government and especially ministry of health and medical education should give more attention to inform the public about the advantages of PD and especially its positive impact on employment of patients [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]